Scopus Research — Abrar Riyadh Kareem jewher

In this research, a new magnetic nano adsorbent was prepared for the absorption of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous media. Also, some parameters affecting the absorption such as time, pH, the concentration of ciprofloxacin, and the nano adsorbent dose, were investigated. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimum points in the ciprofloxacin adsorption and create a valid mathematical model to predict the absorption of ciprofloxacin by the new nano adsorbent. The structure and morphological properties of the synthesized adsorbent were characterized by some special analysis. After determining the optimal points, the kinetics, isotherm and the recovery rate of the adsorbent were also investigated. The results showed that the quadratic model described the best adsorption of ciprofloxacin onto nano adsorbent, and the R2, adjusted R2, and predicted R2 were 0.9867, 0.9808, and 0.9622, respectively. Under optimized conditions (time 45 min, adsorbent dosage 700 mg/L, pH 5, initial ciprofloxacin concentration 25 mg/L), the removal efficiency with a desirability factor of 1 was 91.50 %, and the predicted one was 90.49%. Also, the process follows the quadratic model and the Langmuir isotherm. The recovery results determined that the absorption rate after 5 consecutive cycles is still close to 80%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the new nano adsorbent can be an efficient adsorbent in removing ciprofloxacin from aquatic environments. © 2023 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

Lighting systems are among the most energy-intensive systems in the home because they consume a lot of electricity. Nighttime blackouts are currently being caused by an urgent need for lighting systems, especially emergency lighting. PLN and the battery provide electrical energy for emergency lighting. DC-DC converters that use the bidirectional method regulate electrical energy sources. PLN bidirectional converters have two functions, namely buck mode and boost mode, which work whenever the primary source of PLN is out, the battery will automatically supply the lighting system. In this research, the bidirectional converter can switch from buck mode to boost mode depending on the voltage of the power supply When the power supply voltage is low, the converter will switch to buck mode to reduce the voltage, and when the power supply voltage is high, the converter will switch to boost mode to increase the voltage. This allows the battery to be used as a backup power source when the main source fails. A lamp load of 10 W is used in the boost mode of the discharging process. Analytical proportional integral control methods are used to control the charging and discharging processes. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Modification surface of chitosan nanoparticles using ZnO nanoparticles is important interest in drug delivery because of the beneficial properties. In this study, we proposed a chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite for the targeted delivery of antibacterial peptide (LL37). Synthesized LL37-loaded chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite (CS/ZnO/LL37-NCs) was based on the ionotropic gelation method. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized platform versus Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was determined by the microdilution method in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer. The biofilm formation inhibitory was also evaluated using microtiter plate method. In addition, the ability of CS/ZnO/LL37-NCs on the icaA gene expression level was assessed by the Real-Time PCR. The loading and release investigations confirmed the suitability of CS/ZnO-NCs for LL37 encapsulation. Results showed 6 log10 CFU/ml reduction in MRSA treated with the CS/ZnO/LL37-NPs. Moreover, CS/ZnO/LL37-NCs showed 81 % biofilm formation inhibition than LL37 alone. Also, icaA gene expression decreased 1-fold in the face of CS/ZnO/LL37-NCs. In conclusion, the modification surface of chitosan nanoparticles with ZnO nanoparticles is a suitable chemical platform for the delivery of LL37 that could be used as a promising nanocarrier for enhancing the delivery of antibacterial peptide and improving the antibacterial activity of LL37. © 2023

Etoposide (EP) is one of the anticancer drugs with wide application and many side effects. Therefore, it is very important to provide a simple, fast and sensitive measurement method to monitor the treatment of patients treated with this drug. In the upcoming research, etoposide has been measured using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with a new green synthesized nanocomposite. To prepare the nanocomposite, first the Lapis lazuli stone was ground by rubbing in a stone mortar. Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of processed Lapis lazuli showed the presence of specific mineral phases such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, MgO, SO3, Na2O, and Fe2O3 that are associated with Lapis lazuli sources. The resulting Lapis lazuli was used as a substrate in nanocomposite synthesis. In the next step, Cuscuta epithymum (CE) extract was used as a reduction and capping agent for the green synthesis of Zno-Lapis lazuli nanocomposite, abbreviated as CEZLNCs. Finally, electrochemical determination of etoposide (EP), an anti-cancer drug, was conducted with the novel sensor based on the modified CPE with CEZLNCs (CEZLNCs/CPE). The electrochemical behavior of EP was investigated on modified (CEZLNCs/CPE) and unmodified (CPE) electrodes. The linear relationship between peak current and concentration in the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique of EP was linear in the range of 0.04–120 μM with a low detection limit of 2.7 nM. The effect of different species on EP measurement was investigated to determine the selectivity of the CEZLNCs/CPE electrode. EP was measured in drug, human serum and urine samples by using the CEZLNCs/CPE electrode. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Interrill erosion is the process of soil erosion that occurs on small, un-vegetated areas between ridges or furrows caused by raindrops falling on sloped land. The impact of raindrops can cause the soil to detach and be carried away by runoff. Interrill erosion can be a significant contributor to overall soil erosion and is considered a problem in agricultural areas, construction sites, and other areas with disturbed soil. The aim of this paper was to identify the factors affecting interrill erosion using the M5 algorithm of decision tree in four different regions. The M5 algorithm is considered to be a robust and powerful method for time series forecasting and has been widely used in a variety of applications. To study interrill erosion, 200 soil samples were collected from two rangelands and two forests in Ramadi, Iraq. The soil samples underwent analysis to determine various chemical and physical properties, and the amount of interrill erosion was calculated using the Kamphorst rainfall simulator. The results showed that in the studied areas, the properties of clay, silt, sand, geometric standard deviation and geometric mean particle diameter had the greatest role in interrill erosion. The highest amount of interrill erosion occurred in the disturbed rangeland with a value of 7 tons/hectare and the lowest amount in the protected forest with a value of 3 tons/hectare. © The Author(s).

Due to its complex composition, herbal medicine requires unique strategies and techniques to verify its integrity and quality. Hence, various instrumental methods have been employed in recent years to analyze medicinal plants. One of the most imperative techniques for studying medicinal plants is thermal analysis (TA) methods. TA characterizes the chemical and physical properties of substances as the sample's temperature increases or decreases. TA techniques find application in an increasingly wide range of areas, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, the characterization of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of herbal medicines, and the acquisition of additional information about their structure. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are the main thermoanalytical approaches in analyzing herbal medicine. This review demonstrates the applications of TA methods in analyzing herbal medicine. The highlights of this investigation bring appreciated insight into the indication of the capability of TA methods to inspect the chemical and physical properties of herbal medicines. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Here, we investigate the chemical as well as the structural attributes of Apigenin and Kaempferol as viable gas sensors with high sensitiveness via density functional theory (DFT). The adhesion behavior of typical gas molecules was examined on Apigenin and Kaempferol by performing DFT calculations. These compounds can sense the physisorption of SO2, NO, and NO2 because of the considerable charge transport. The adhesion of NO2 in particular led to a considerable increase in the transport performance because of the considerable charge transport, which makes Apigenin and Kaempferol) promising candidates to selectively detect NO2 with high sensitiveness. The present study can provide insights into the potential use of natural products in order to sense gasses with high toxicity. © 2023

In this study, the combination of Gray Wolf Optimization and Artificial neural networks (GWO-ANN) algorithm was applied to predict the long-term electricity demand in Iraq, considering the nonlinear trend and uncertainties in the variables affecting it. The results indicate that the population and gross domestic product are significant explanatory variables for long-term energy demand, consistent with previous studies. Compared to other intelligent methods, the GWO-ANN algorithm requires less data for modeling and optimally designs the ANN structure. The modeling and forecasting model outperform the ANN in simulating and predicting the long-term energy demand. Based on the most likely scenario, the predicted electricity demand in Iraq will reach approximately 415 GWh. Electricity is a critical factor in the development of societies and is utilized in various economic sectors. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.