Scopus Research — Ahmed Khalid Faleeh Aldhalmi

The addition of flavonoids into poultry diets has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the nutritional, sensory, and microbiological quality of poultry meat and eggs. Numerous studies have identified the advantageous effects of flavonoids in mitigating lipid oxidation, curtailing microbial proliferation, preventing pH-related degradation, and enhancing the color stability of meat products. Flavonoids naturally occur as secondary metabolites in plants. Because of their antioxidative properties, they serve as feed supplements for chickens, extending the shelf life of poultry products. Flavonoids are particularly valued for their ability to modulate essential cellular enzyme activities, contributing to a range of biological effects, including antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anti-pathogenic, and neuroprotective properties, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the various sources and classifications of flavonoids, highlighting their biological benefits. Furthermore, it examines the impact of flavonoids on the productivity and health of broiler and layer poultry, offering insights into their potential to improve animal performance and well-being. The review also suggests potential future research directions aimed at optimizing the use of flavonoids in livestock and poultry production, with an emphasis on their sustainable application in organic farming systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

Taurine-functionalized carbohydrate polymers represent a rapidly developing class of hybrid biomaterials that integrate the structural versatility of polysaccharides with the intrinsic bioactivity of taurine. While chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and related carbohydrate polymers are well-established in biomedical applications, their chemical conjugation with taurine introduces unique enhancements in charge balance, hydrophilicity, oxidative stability, and biological performance, enabling smarter drug- and nutrient-delivery systems. Despite growing interest, research in this area remains scattered, with limited understanding of how specific functionalization strategies translate into improved physicochemical and therapeutic properties. This review consolidates recent advances in taurine-polymer conjugation chemistry, characterization methods, and structure–function relationships, highlighting how taurine incorporation enhances antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-interactive behavior of polymer matrices. Translational opportunities in human and veterinary medicine, including gut-targeted delivery, wound repair, metabolic disease management, and taurine-deficiency supplementation, are critically analyzed. Finally, the review outlines regulatory considerations and key research gaps to accelerate the clinical development of taurine-functionalized carbohydrate polymer platforms. By directly comparing different polysaccharide systems and their conjugation approaches, this review provides the first comprehensive evaluation of taurine-functionalized biomaterials as multifunctional and scalable biotherapeutics. This unified perspective establishes a clear novelty framework that bridges material engineering, taurine biology, and One Health translational priorities, providing a focused and comprehensive roadmap to guide future innovation in multifunctional biotherapeutics. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

Objective: This work aims to estimate the effectiveness of topically administered ezetimibe on an imiquimod-evoked psoriasis-like mouse model. Methods: Twenty-four albino mice were assorted equally into four groups (6 animals in every group), comprising controls, induction, calcipotriol 0.05% (standard drug), and ezetimibe 3%. The topical medications were administered for 7 successive days. Disease intensity scores, histomorphological alterations, and biochemical mediators of inflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: Topical ezetimibe significantly ameliorated cumulative Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) grades and histological changes versus the induction (imiquimod) group. It significantly deregulated the generation of inflammatory signaling molecules, specifically IL-17A, IL-23, and TNF-α, together with enhancing the anti-inflammatory component IL-10. This finding was also paralleled by a remarkable decrement in angiogenic indices like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reduction of oxidative stress indices such as malondialdehyde (MDA), and strengthening of the actions of the antioxidative molecules superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Conclusion: Ezetimibe demonstrates remarkable anti-psoriatic activity, as proved by the suppression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and oxidative measures. © Copyright Al-Athari AJH et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This study investigated the effects of supplementing broiler drinking water with Egyptian clover honey on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 525 one-day-old male Hubbard broilers were assigned to seven treatment groups to evaluate two concentrations of honey (13 and 26 mLL-1) administered at three different frequencies (daily, every other day, and every 3 d), along with a control group receiving no honey. Supplementing drinking water with honey significantly enhanced overall broiler performance. Birds receiving honey, particularly at the higher concentration and at intermittent intervals, showed improved body weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the control group. The highest relative weights of key lymphoid organs-such as the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus-were observed in supplemented groups, indicating a positive impact on immune system development. Hematological analysis revealed increased red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume in honey-fed birds, reflecting improved oxygen transport and immune competence. Serum biochemical profiles demonstrated a favorable shift, with significant reductions in markers of metabolic stress and liver function (uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) and notable increases in total protein, albumin, and globulin levels. Additionally, honey supplementation significantly enhanced humoral immune response, as evidenced by higher hemagglutination inhibition titers against Newcastle disease virus. The results indicate that honey supplementation via drinking water, especially at 26 mLL-1, administered intermittently, can effectively improve growth performance, physiological health, and immune function in broiler chickens. These findings support the potential of honey as a natural antibiotic-free additive to promote sustainable poultry production. © Copyright:

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid (LAC) and spirulina (SPR) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens as natural antioxidant and growth-promoting agents. A total of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six groups in a completely randomized design. Each group consisted of six replicates with ten unsexed chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: NC (control, basal diet), PC (0.5 g polymyxin E antibiotic/kg diet), LAC 2 (2 g LAC/kg diet), LAC 4 (4 g LAC/kg diet), SPR 1 (1 g SPR/kg diet), and SPR 2 (2 g SPR/kg diet). No significant differences ( P > 0.05) were observed among treatments for live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or performance index (PI), except for FI during days 1–21, where the SPR 1 group showed improved FCR. Carcass characteristics did not differ significantly among treatments. LAC and SPR supplementation ( P < 0.001) reduced total protein and albumin levels compared with NC and PC groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, as well as urea and creatinine levels, were lower in the LAC 4 and SPR 2 groups. Spirulina supplementation at different levels increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, along with glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, compared with NC, PC, and LAC treatments. Significant ( P < 0.05) differences in total bacterial count (TBC) were recorded, with the NC group showing the highest values. Lactobacilli and E. coli counts were highest in the LAC 2 and LAC 4 groups, whereas SPR 1 had the greatest Salmonella counts. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2 g LAC/kg improved gut health by promoting microbial balance, while 1 g SPR/kg enhanced antioxidant status and organ function, thereby improving overall physiological resilience in broilers. Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.

This study aimed to discover how Echinacea powder extract (EPE), an antioxidant, affects the growth rate, body composition, and blood parameters in broilers as an alternative to antibiotics. In a completely randomized design study, 4 experimental groups received 280 broiler chicks, 5-days-old (Cobb 500). Each group was distributed into 7 replicates, each containing ten unsexed chicks. Four groups were randomly selected from the chicks; the first group (the control group) was given drinking water only. Conversely, the birds in treatments 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with EPA in their drinking water. They received 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm3 EPA/liter water every 3 d weekly until the end of the trial (30 d). Our findings found significant differences in avian mass between experimental treatments during growth phases. The control group weighed 887 g, while the 3.0 cm3 EPE group weighed 850 g. The Duncan test showed a difference in FI and FCR among those favoring the EPE groups. Our results showed no significant changes in carcass features, except for spleen, gizzard, and abdominal fat, with the 3.0 cm3 EPE group having weight-higher organs and lower abdominal fat. Also, the control had higher TP, albumin, and globulin levels, while the EPE diet increased ALT and AST and decreased TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels. Furthermore, EPE-containing diets resulted in higher IgG concentrations, lower MDA levels, and higher SOD activity compared to the control group. According to the ANOVA analysis, the water consumption rate did not significantly differ across the trial groups. It included adding EPE with 3.0 cm3 enhanced growth performance, carcass traits, and antioxidant activity to obtain health outcomes for end users. © 2024 The Authors

This study evaluated the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder extract stabilized with zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs-MLPE) as a natural growth promoter in broiler diets. Randomly assigned 264 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks to four different feeding treatments, with each group being subdivided into six replicates, each comprising 11 unsexed chicks. The control group was fed a basic diet without additives, while the experimental groups were supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 cm³ of ZnNPs-MLPE/L of diet. The findings demonstrated that 2.0 and 3.0 cm³/L ZnNPs-MLPE supplementation significantly enhanced live body weight (LBW) and weight gain (BWG). Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not show significant differences between the treated groups and the control, indicating that the additive did not negatively affect feed efficiency. However, an increase in abdominal fat was noted in the ZnNPs-MLPE treatments relative to the control. Blood analysis revealed that the ZnNPs-MLPE groups had significantly lower levels of "total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and alanine transaminase (ALT) compared to the control group. In contrast, total protein (TP), albumin, and the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio" were higher in the ZnNPs-MLPE groups. Immunoglobulins IgY and IgM, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, were elevated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were reduced, indicating improved antioxidant capacity and immune function in the ZnNPs-MLPE-treated groups. In conclusion, supplementation with ZnNPs-MLPE at 2.0 and 3.0 cm³/L positively impacted broiler growth efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and immunological functionality. These findings support the potential of ZnNPs-MLPE as an effective natural growth enhancer for producing healthier poultry products. © 2024

This study aimed to discover how using nano artichoke leaf extract Stabilized with zinc Nanoparticles (ZnO-Nano-ALPE) as an alternative to antibiotics and an antioxidant in broiler feed affected their growth, meat quality, and blood. In a completely randomized design experiment, 210 1-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) were assigned to three trial groups. Each group was subdivided into seven replicates, each with ten unsexed chicks. The groups formed were as follows: the control group received a basal diet without additives. In contrast, the ZnO-Nano-ALPE1 and ZnO-Nano-ALPE2 groups received a basal diet plus 1.0 and 2.0 cm3 of nano artichoke leaf extract ZnO-Nano-ALPE /kg diet, respectively. The results showed significant changes in LBW on days 28 and 31 of their lives, with the ZnO-Nano-ALPE groups showing the greatest changes. Variation analysis revealed no discernible changes between the treatment groups; however, there were notable variations in the calculated feed intake (FI) on days 29 and 31. There were no notable variations in carcass features between treatments, except for the percentage of carcass, dressing, thigh, heart, and intestine cecum in the control group. In addition, we found significant differences in total protein, albumin, and globulin levels between treatments, with the control group showing higher levels compared to the other two groups. The diet increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and elevated cholesterol levels. The study revealed significant differences in immunoglobulins, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels among the treatments, with the 1.0 cm3 treatment group exhibiting the highest levels. Thus, adding ZnO-Nano-ALPE to growing chick feeds at 1.0 and 2.0 cm3 rates could improve productivity, some carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. © 2024

A unique Schiff base ligand (BCA), 4-(2-((1E,2E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl)quinazoline, was synthesized and complexed with Mn [II], Co [II], Cu [II, and Cd [II] ions, with 1,10-Phenanthroline (PHN) as an auxiliary ligand. The unique Schiff base ligand BCA and its metal complexes were characterized using multiple analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and conductometric measurements. These methods provided detailed insights into the compounds’ structural and electronic properties. Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations complemented the experimental data, elucidating electronic configuration stability, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, chemical hardness, and dipole moments. The computational results confirmed the distorted octahedral structure of the complexes. Antimicrobial testing against various bacterial and fungal strains revealed that the Cd (II) complex exhibited the highest activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 19.7 ± 0.6 mm to 35.0 ± 1.0 mm, surpassing the activity of standard antibiotics in some cases. Notably, the compounds displayed significant efficacy against Helicobacter pylori, with the Cd (II) complex showing an inhibition zone of 32.67 ± 0.58 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg/ml. Anticancer properties were evaluated against MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma) cells, with the [(BCA)(PHN)Cd(H2O)].2Cl·2H2O complex demonstrating superior activity (IC50 = 29.97 μg/ml) compared to the free ligand (IC50 = 183.96 μg/ml) and other metal complexes. Notably, the Cd(II) complex showed reduced cytotoxicity towards normal VERO cells, suggesting potential selectivity for cancer cells. Molecular docking simulations evaluated the complexes’ binding interactions with protein targets associated with Helicobacter pylori, MCF cancer cells, and the COVID-19 virus. The main objective of this research was to design and synthesize a unique Schiff base ligand and its new corresponding Ternary metal complexes and then investigate their potential medical applications. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the compounds’ effectiveness as antibiotics, antitumor agents, and possible treatments for COVID-19. © 2024

Worldwide, the production of agricultural residues exceeds five billion metric tons per year. Regardless of their many applications and substantial potential to increase crop and animal productivity, many crop residues, particularly in Asian, African, and Arabian nations, are burned. This detrimental practice limits the recycling of soil nutrients while increasing air pollution and wellness risks. Enhancing feed efficiency while simultaneously lowering production costs and increasing animal protein is a key objective of nutritional supplements in livestock feeding. Antibiotics have been utilized in farm animals at sub-therapeutic levels to increase feed use effectiveness and digestion, as well as animal welfare and performance. However, the present ban on antibiotics as nutritional supplements has boosted the search for substitutes, with natural feed additives considered cutting-edge options. On the other hand, feed that has undergone biological treatment improves animal productivity, feed intake, and digestibility. Nevertheless, the absence of agents and expertise and substrate weight decrease may result in a 40% dry matter loss limits application. In this review, we look at the importance of detrimental residue administration and the advancement and adoption of technologies to handle surplus residue. © 2025 Mahmoud Kamal et al., published by Sciendo.

The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of formic acid (FORM) and an herbal mixture (HM) as antibiotic alternatives in broiler meals on growth efficiency, carcass criteria, blood parameters, and intestinal bacterial populations. A total of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to six trial treatments using a totally randomized method. Each group consisted of 6 replicates, with 10 unsexed chicks per replicate. The groups were arranged as follows: NC (negative control, basal diet); PC (positive control, basal diet + 0.5 g Polymyxin E antibiotic/kg diet); Form2, Form4, HM3, and HM6 (basal diet supplemented with 2 or 4 ml formic acid, or 3 or 6 g herbal mixture/kg diet, respectively). The findings showed no substantial variations in "body weight (BW) or body weight gain (BWG)" among the formic acid and herbal mixture groups relative to the NC and PC groups. The HM 3 and 6 g/kg groups exhibited higher "feed intake (FI) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR)" relative to the other treatments. Carcass characteristics were not substantially impacted by formic acid or herbal mixture supplementation, except for spleen weight, which was highest in the NC group. Significant changes in blood parameters were observed, with notable variations in ALT and AST activity and "urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, and albumin" levels in the formic acid and herbal mixture groups. The supplementation of formic acid and herbal mixture also increased antioxidant levels (GPx, GST, and GSH) compared to the NC group while reducing MDA levels relative to the NC and PC groups. Additionally, formic acid supplementation significantly reduced harmful bacterial populations in cecal samples. Conversely, Lactobacilli counts greater than those in the NC and PC groups, although no significant variances in Clostridium populations were observed. In conclusion, supplementing broiler feed with formic acid and herbal mixtures positively influences blood parameters, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota. © 2025

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thyme powder (TP), garlic powder (GP), and their combination as natural alternatives to antibiotics on broiler growth performance, blood indices, and carcass characteristics. A completely randomized design was used, with four experimental groups consisting of 264 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (45.27±0.5 g). Each group received different levels of TP and GP in the diet as follows: a control group (basal diet with no additives), 2 g of GP/kg, 2 g of TP/kg, and a mixture treatment (1 g of GP/kg + 1 g of TP/kg). Each treatment included six replicates, with eleven unsexed chicks per replicate. The results showed that supplementation with TP, GP, and their combination significantly improved feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and overall growth performance compared to the untreated group (UG). The different additives also significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced carcass characteristics, particularly carcass yield and heart weight, both in absolute and relative terms. Furthermore, the treatments significantly (P≤0.05) affected blood indices, leading to notable improvements in immune and antioxidant parameters, including increased levels of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress. These changes suggest that the supplemented groups had enhanced immunity and a better oxidative balance, contributing to improved overall health. Notably, the combined treatment of TP and GP (1% each) exhibited a synergistic effect, yielding benefits comparable to or even surpassing those of the individual TP or GP treatments. These findings support the potential of combining these natural additives to achieve a balanced improvement in growth, feed efficiency, and health status. In conclusion, supplementation with thyme powder, garlic powder, or a combination of both at appropriate levels (2% GP, 2% TP, or 1% each) can serve as an effective alternative to antibiotics, improving broiler growth performance, carcass quality, and health by enhancing immune responses and antioxidant status. © 2024

Nutrition is an important factor in poultry production. This review highlights how precision nutrition improves poultry performance through metabolomics, which is a multidisciplinary approach that integrates traditional nutrition with other fields, including biology, immunology, molecular biology, genetics, computer sciences, chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics, engineering, and technology sciences. For measuring the results of the body’s biochemical activities and figuring out Living systems’ dynamic, multi-parametric metabolic response to pathological stimuli, metabolomics can be a very useful instrument. Numerous metabolomics techniques exist, including emerging capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and some targeted HPLC-based assays. Metabolomics can help in understanding the metabolism of diets (protein, carbohydrate, and fat) and the pathways of precise nutrition. Metabolomics can revolutionize poultry nutrition strategies, optimizing health, growth performance, and metabolic efficiency by decoding biochemical interactions between diet, metabolism, and physiology. This review aims to highlight methodologies for integrating metabolomic data into precision feeding systems, ultimately enhancing sustainability, reducing production costs, and improving poultry welfare. Copyright © 2025 Abd El-Hack, Allam, Aldhalmi, Kamal, Arif, Alawam, Rudayni, Taha, Swelum, Elolimy, Madkour and Ashour.

In recent years, the important role of feed additives in enhancing poultry performance has gained considerable attention in poultry husbandry. Betaine, a naturally occurring compound in various plant and animal sources, has become particularly valued for its ability to improve animal production, especially under challenging conditions. This article focuses on the significant role of Betaine (Bet) in the poultry industry as an affordable and effective natural feed ingredient. Specifically, it will explore the multiple functions of Bet as a feed additive and its impact on growth performance, carcass traits, egg production, blood parameters, and alleviating heat stress in poultry. Betaine, a methyl donor, has the potential to spare nutrients such as choline or methionine, leading to improvements in poultry growth performance characteristics. Furthermore, Bet possesses excellent osmolytic properties, which help alleviate heat stress by maintaining cellular osmotic balance and protecting body tissues from the detrimental effects of osmotic stress. In conclusion, Betaine's cost-effectiveness and multifaceted benefits make it an ideal feed ingredient for improving poultry growth performance and mitigating the negative impacts of heat stress. Moreover, it is recommended to use supplementation levels ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 g/kg of diet to achieve optimal poultry performance. This review aims to highlight the potential of Betaine to be a key player in the future of sustainable poultry production. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

The scientific evidence on the effects of consuming organic chicken meat on human health is examined in this review article. Few studies particularly look at the effects of eating organic chicken meat on people's health. Although the evidence is conflicting, they speculate that consuming organic chicken meat may reduce the incidence of obesity and allergy-related illnesses. Customers who purchase organic chicken meat generally have healthier eating habits. The significance of these discoveries for human health is unclear. Still, animal and poultry studies suggest that whether agriculture produces food from conventional or organic sources has different effects on early development and physiology. Omega-3 fatty acids and meat are more abundant in organic than in common meat. However, this is not nutritionally relevant compared to other dietary sources. The widespread use of pharmaceuticals is one of the primary drivers of antimicrobial resistance in traditional animal agriculture. It is possible to reduce this risk and potentially have significant positive effects on public health by preventing animal sickness and using antibiotics more sparingly, as is done in organic farming. The review highlights the importance of organic feeds as an effective and vital alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry and their impact on human health. © 2025 Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack et al., published by Sciendo.

Quercetin is a bioactive flavonoid widely distributed in vegetables, grains, and fruits, known for its powerful anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. Recently, it has attracted increasing attention as a sustainable and functional additive in animal nutrition. This review explores the existing understanding of the use of quercetin in poultry and rabbit diets, focusing on its impact on growth efficiency, intestinal health, antioxidant, immune function, and the quality of animal-derived foods. In rabbits, dietary supplementation with quercetin (25–100 mg/kg diet) has been associated with enhanced feed efficacy, meat composition, and gut microbial balance. In poultry, including broilers and laying hens, quercetin (up to 200 mg/kg) enhances growth under normal and heat stress conditions, improves meat and egg quality, and modulates oxidative stress markers and gut microbiota. These effects are connected to how quercetin helps control the activity of genes that deal with inflammation, antioxidant enzymes, and the immune system in the gut. Importantly, the review emphasizes the potential of quercetin to improve the nutritional and functional quality of meat and eggs, making it highly relevant for human health and food sustainability. Further studies are encouraged to define optimal dosages and explore synergistic effects with other natural additives. This review offers critical insights into how dietary quercetin can be utilized to support animal health, efficiency, and food product quality, aligning with the global shift toward natural, residue-free feed strategies. © 2025 The Author(s)

This research studied the impacts of feeding different amounts of ZnNPs, SeNPs, and SiNPs on the carcass, gut microbiota, meat quality, growth performance, and blood markers in broilers up to 38 days old. For a total of 300 chicks, five groups were given six replications of ten unsexed one-week broiler chicks (Cobb). At various doses, the five experimental treatment groups received corn-soybean meal-based nutritional supplements: 0.0, 1.5 mg/kg SeNPs + 2.0 mg/kg ZnNPs, 1.5 mg/kg SeNPs + 3.0 mg/kg SiNPs, 2.0 mg/kg ZnNPs + 3.0 mg/kg SiNPs, and 1.5 mg/kg SeNPs + 2.0 mg/kg ZnNPs + 3.0 mg/kg SiNPs. The results showed significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments in the period from 22–38 days and 7–38 days. We observed that the birds in T2 consumed the most FI, while those in T3 and T4 consumed the least. The T4 group had a higher FCR than the other groups, but BWG and PI did not differ. The findings indicated no significant variations (P≤0.05) in carcass characteristics among the treatments. The outcomes found that administering SeNPs, ZnNPs, and SiNPs to birds significantly reduced their LDL, belly fat, and cholesterol. It also significantly impacted their T3, T4, IgA, and IgG levels and increased their HDL levels. In conclusion, SeNPs, ZnNPs, and SiNPs improved broiler performance, certain carcass features, gut microbial load, and improved meat quality for end consumers. © 2025

The current experiment is planned to ascertain the influences of celery seed powder (CSP) as an antibiotic substitute in broiler feed on intestinal microbial load, growth rates, carcass traits, and blood indices. In a fully randomized scheme experiment, 240 one-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were separated into 4 experimental groups, each of which had 6 replicates, each of which had 10 unsexed chicks. The first group served as the control, while the treatment groups—CSP1, CSP2, and CSP3 received the basal diet supplemented with 1, 2, and 3 g/kg of CSP, respectively. The findings indicated that feed intake, body weight gain, and live body weight were not significantly impacted by CSP supplementation. However, as CSP levels rose, the feed conversion ratio rose. Except for larger liver and spleen weights in the CSP-supplemented groups, there were no discernible changes in carcass characteristics. Abdominal fat decreased considerably in CSP1 and CSP2. Elevated creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were found in CSP3 by blood biochemical examination. Supplementing with CSP resulted in elevated triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in lipid profiles. The CSP1 group showed a considerable increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and immunoglobulin levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, however, increased in CSP2. All levels of CSP showed a notable decrease in harmful bacteria (Salmonella and E. Coli) and an increase in good bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bacillus). Overall, supplementation with 1 g/kg CSP was most beneficial, improving immune response, reducing abdominal fat, and enhancing gut microbial balance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

This experiment examined the potential of olive leaf powder (OLP) as a natural growth enhancer in broiler feed and its influences on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, and intestinal bacterial count. A total of 210 one-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly allocated into three groups. The control group was given a basal diet only, the 2nd and 3rd groups were given basal diet supplemented with 1 g OLP and 2 g OLP/kg diet, respectively. Each group consisted of seven replicates with 10 unsexed chicks each. The experimental trial lasted for thirty-one days. Results showed that, the OLP2 group exhibited a significant increase in live body weight (LBW) at days 14 and 21 of age, whereas the OLP1 group experienced a considerable rise in body weight gain (BWG) between days 29 and 31 of age. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) considerably decreased during the first 8–14 days of the trial, but increased during the next 29–31 days throughout the entire duration (1–31 days). While, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in OLP groups during the 15-31 days of trial. Carcass and breast yields improved significantly with OLP supplementation, while abdominal fat content was reduced. Blood analysis revealed considerable enhances in total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in both OLP groups, while alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were considerably reduced. Notably, immunity and antioxidant markers showed significant improvement with 2 g OLP supplementation. Due to OLP supplementation, the number of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus rose while the number of all harmful bacteria (E. coli and Clostridium) in caecal samples declined. In conclusion, OLP supplementation at 1 g and 2 g per kg of feed demonstrated a significant positive impact on broiler growth performance, carcass quality, lipid profile, immunity, antioxidant status, and raised the number of beneficial bacteria in the caecal contents of the broiler chickens, making it a promising natural growth promoter in poultry production. © 2025

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their diverse biological activities and broad therapeutic potential. This review is presented as a comprehensive narrative review, based on a structured analysis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2025, sourced from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. It summarizes recent advances in the structural characterization, extraction technologies, and bioactivities of PSPs based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. Various extraction methods such as hot water extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction (using cellulase and papain), radiation-assisted extraction, and green solvents like natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and CO₂-triggered hydrophilic solvents are critically compared. Quantitative data from optimized conditions show PSP yields ranging from 4.4 % (hot water) to 29.7 % (NADES-based extraction). Structural features including monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, and molecular weight distribution are discussed in relation to pharmacological functions. PSPs demonstrate promising antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumoral effects. Clinical relevance is supported by evidence of improved immune response, glucose regulation, and lipid metabolism in preclinical disease models. Furthermore, PSPs hold potential for applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food industries due to their biocompatibility and therapeutic value. In conclusion, this review highlights the need for standardized extraction protocols, deeper investigations into structure activity relationships, and translational clinical research to advance the biomedical and industrial applications of PSPs. © 2025 The Author(s)

Chenopodium album, commonly known as lamb's quarters or wild spinach, has long been recognized as a nutrient-dense plant, yet its applications in human and livestock nutrition and pharmaceutical sciences remain significantly underexplored. This article presents a novel perspective on the epigenetic, microbiome-modulating, metabolic-enhancing, and therapeutic roles of Chenopodium album. By leveraging its bioactive phytochemicals, high nutrient density, and adaptive growth properties, this research highlights how the Chenopodium album can be integrated into precision human diets, sustainable livestock feeding strategies, and pharmaceutical formulations to enhance health, immunity, and productivity. We propose a cutting-edge framework for its use in functional foods, livestock dietary supplementation, and drug development, setting the stage for a new era in nutrition and medicine. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

This study investigated the effects of garden cress seed powder (GCSP) as a natural growth promoter and antioxidant agent in broiler diets, focusing on growth performance, carcass characteristics, microbial load and blood traits. A total of 210 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were assigned to 3 experimental groups in a completely randomized design. Each group consisted of 7 replicates with 10 unsexed chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments included: (A) a basal diet without additives (control); (GCSP 1) a basal diet supplemented with 1 g GCSP/kg diet and (GCSP 2) a basal diet supplemented with 2 g GCSP/kg diet. The results revealed no significant differences in body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the GCSP-treated groups and the control. However, numerically, the GCSP-supplemented groups exhibited improved BW, BWG and FCR compared to the control. Carcass traits remained largely unaffected, except for dressing percentage, carcass yield, thigh proportion and abdominal fat percentage, where significant differences were observed. Blood biochemical analysis showed a reduction in total protein, albumin and globulin levels in GCSP-fed groups, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) levels decreased, though these changes were not statistically significant. Immunological and antioxidative responses improved, as evidenced by elevated immunoglobulin Y (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, alongside reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the GCSP-fed groups compared to the control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with GCSP enhanced broiler immunity and antioxidative status, promoting increased IgY, IgM and SOD levels while reducing MDA levels. These findings highlight GCSP as a potential natural additive to improve broiler health and contribute to the production of healthier poultry products for consumers. © 2025 The Author(s). Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This study evaluated the efficacy of dried fig fruit powder extract conjugated with selenium nanoparticles (Se-Nano-FFPE) as an alternative to antibiotics and a growth enhancer in broiler diets. A total of 264 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups, each consisting of six replicates of 11 chicks. The groups included a control group receiving a basal diet and three treatment groups receiving diets supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg of Se-Nano-FFPE per kg of feed, respectively. The results revealed significant differences in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) among the groups, with the 3.0 mg Se-Nano-FFPE group exhibiting the highest values (P≤0.032, P≤0.026, respectively). While feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were only slightly affected (P≤0.035), FI was significantly increased in the 1.0 and 3.0 mg Se-Nano-FFPE groups (85.66±0.95 and 87.24±0.95, respectively). Carcass components, including the liver, heart, and gizzard, were heavier in the Se-Nano-FFPE groups compared to the control group. Additionally, Se-Nano-FFPE supplementation led to a significant reduction (P≤0.05) in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased. The 2.0 mg Se-Nano-FFPE group exhibited improved levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine. Furthermore, all Se-Nano-FFPE supplemented groups showed significant increases (P≤0.05) in immunoglobulin Y (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control group. In conclusion, incorporating Se-Nano-FFPE into broiler diets significantly enhanced growth efficiency, carcass quality, blood parameters, and antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that Se-Nano-FFPE can serve as a promising alternative to traditional growth promoters and natural antioxidant agents in poultry production. © 2025 Mohammed M. El-Abbasy et al., published by Sciendo.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of antioxidants in the diet, vitamin E (V.E.), selenium (Se), and condensed tannins (COT), on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and certain physiological parameters of weaner rabbits. Materials and Methods: In a completely randomized design experiment, 105 weaning New Zealand White rabbits were reared from August to October (31.5°C ± 2°C) and fed a basal diet ad libitum for 8 weeks. They were then randomly assigned to seven nutritional treatments. As the control group, a basic diet devoid of antioxidants was used, while the other six groups were fed diets containing 100 or 200 mg V.E./kg, 0.1 or 0.2 mg Se/kg, and 1.5 or 3.0 gm COT/kg. Results: The findings showed that dietary interventions had no discernible impact on weight gain. The control group’s feed consumption (FC) was substantially higher than other treatments. In comparison to the control, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased (p < 0.05) with 0.1 mg Se/ kg diet (23.71%), V.E. 200 mg/kg diet (20.21%), 0.2 mg Se/kg diet (20.21%), and 1.5 gm COT/kg diet (15.27%). None of the dietary supplements under investigation had a discernible impact on the rabbits’ carcass characteristics or blood serum metabolites, except alanine aminotransferase (AST) and white blood cells (WBCs). While AST was enhanced after receiving COT 1.5 or 3.0 gm, Se 0.2 mg, and V.E. 200 mg/kg diet by 37.0%, 29.6%, 29.2%, and 29.0%, respectively, WBCs were reduced after receiving V.E. 200 mg/kg, Se 0.2 mg, and COT 3.0 gm/kg diet by 56.2%, 41.4%, and 29.13%, respectively. Conclusion: During the summer, feeding rabbits extra (V.E. 200 mg, Se 0.1 and 0.2 mg, or COT 1.5 and 3.0 gm/kg diet) appeared to help with FCR and FC. © The authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Optimizing the diet of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is essential to enhance their productivity. The experiment evaluated the efficiency, digestive parameters, and nutrient composition of laying Japanese quail during warm and cold months under subtropical conditions, in relation to the amounts of crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME). A randomized experimental design was used, involving 360 laying Japanese quail assigned to nine treatment groups, each with five replications of eight hens each across two inde-pendent experiments conducted during cold and warm seasons. Variations in protein and energy concentrations significantly impacted multiple production performance metrics, such as egg mass (EM), cost-effectiveness and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Quails showed the highest FCR and EM measurements when fed a diet with 2900 kcal/kg and 22% CP during the cold season, and 3000 kcal/kg with 20% CP during the warm season. Protein and energy levels significantly impacted egg quality and digestion ratios of dry matter (DM) and ether extract (EE). For optimal growth and overall health, Japanese quail should be fed a summer diet containing approximately 20% crude protein and 3000 kcal ME/kg. Adjusting the protein and energy content in the feed can enhance the performance and nutrient efficiency of laying Japanese quail, particularly in seasonal conditions, thereby inform-ing feeding strategies for better production outcomes. © (2025), (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society). All rights reserved.

Background: Angiogenesis has long been a key focus for drug designers aiming to develop therapies targeting diseases associated with this physiological process. A newly synthesized compound from the University of Baghdad was evaluated for its ability to inhibit blood vessel growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-angiogenic activity of 5-bromo-N-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide using an ex vivo rat aorta model. Methods: An anti-angiogenesis assay was employed to assess the dose-response relationship and to determine the concentration that inhibits 50% of blood vessel growth (IC50). The anti-proliferative effect on endothelial cells was assessed using the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Additionally, the free radical scavenging activity of the compound was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The anti-proliferative activity against the A549 lung cancer cell line was also investigated. Results: The compound demonstrated significant anti-angiogenic activity with an IC50 of 15.4 µg/mL. The IC50 on the HUVEC cell line was 5.6 µg/mL. Its free radical scavenging activity was measured at 99.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, the compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of the A549 lung cancer cell line, with an IC50 of 14.4 µg/mL. Conclusion: The findings suggest that 5-bromo-N-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide possesses notable anti-angiogenic activity and a significant anti-proliferative effect on HUVEC cells, potentially linked to its strong free radical scavenging capacity. Moreover, it effectively inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. © (2025), (Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention). All rights reserved.

This study assessed the impact of partially replacing wheat flour in croissants with 10% or 15% orange peel (OP), watermelon rind (WR), or melon peel (MP) on sensory properties, in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH, total phenolics, flavonoids), and anti-hyperlipidemic activity in rats. Nine groups of rats: a control group (G1), a hyperlipidemic (G2), control diet + 40% croissants (G3), and hyperlipidemic diet and croissants enriched with 10% or 15% of OP (G4, G5), WR (G6, G7), and MP (G8, G9), respectively. OP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Sensory evaluations indicated no significant differences among the croissant treatments. G9 and G7 significantly reduced body weight gain. All treated groups attenuated elevated blood lipid and hepatic enzyme levels compared to G2. G2 showed severe steatosis, necrosis, vacuolation, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver, while these lesions were substantially ameliorated in the treatment groups. Cardiac tissue in G2 presented with fat globules, cardiomyocyte damage, and inflammation, whereas fruit byproduct treatment effectively maintained normal cardiac tissue morphology. This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of developing anti-hyperlipidemic functional foods by enriching croissants with fruit byproducts in a rat model. (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2025.

This research focuses on the separation and determination of active compounds, phenols, and antioxidants in the Prosopis cineraria plant, also known as the Ghafeth plant. Liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) technologies coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) were employed for the analysis. The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Prosopis cineraria, including total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and fatty acid content were determined. The extracts from the Ghafeth plant are widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries due to their natural antioxidant properties. The plant's potential in traditional medicine, as well as its antimicrobial and health-beneficial effects, were also investigated. The research provides valuable insights into the bioactive substances present in the Ghafeth plant and their potential applications in various industries. Moreover, the study establishes the equivalency of plant products to commercially available drugs, emphasizing the importance of natural sources in developing functional ingredients for health-related conditions. © RJPT All right reserved.

This study investigated the effects of licorice powder extract (LPE) supplementation via drinking water on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and selected hematobiochemical parameters in broiler chicks. A total of 280 Cobb 500 chicks (5 days old) were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, receiving water supplemented with 0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mL LPE per liter for the duration of the experiment. Broilers receiving 3.0 mL LPE/L demonstrated significantly greater body weight than all other groups ( P &lt; 0.05). LPE supplementation positively influenced feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), with no significant effects on overall water consumption or carcass yield parameters. Birds administered 2.0 mL LPE/L showed a reduction in serum total protein and albumin levels, whereas no significant differences were observed in serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or alanine aminotransferase (ALT). LPE supplementation also improved lipid metabolism, as evidenced by decreased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), alongside increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), particularly in the 1.0 mL LPE/L group. Antioxidant status was significantly enhanced in the 3.0 mL LPE/L group, which exhibited elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LPE improved growth performance, modulated serum lipid profiles, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in broiler chicks, suggesting its potential as a natural growth promoter and health modulator in poultry production. Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary charcoal supplementation on hematological and biochemical indices, immune function, antioxidant status, and intestinal histomorphology in ducks. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 mule ducks, aged 4 weeks, were randomly allocated into 6 experimental groups. Birds were reared under uniform conditi in fl pens and provided with a basal diet (3,000 kcal/kg ME and 20% CP) supplemented with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.5% charcoal. Results: Dietary inclusion of charcoal at 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% significantly reduced serum creatinine (p = 0.049) and urea concentrations (p = 0.036), suggesting enhanced renal function. Additionally, ducks receiving 1.5% and 2.0% charcoal exhibited significantly lower plasma corticosterone levels (p = 0.045) and elevated blood glucose concentrations (p = 0.042) compared to the control group. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in other serum biochemical markers (total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) or hematological parameters. Antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced (p ≤ 0.05) in ducks fed 1.5% charcoal, except for malondialdehyde levels, which remained unaffected (p = 0.943). Serum immunoglobulin A concentrations and relative spleen weights were significantly higher in the 1.5% and 2.0% charcoal groups (p = 0.0125 and p = 0.0207, respectively), while IgG and IgM levels did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). Moreover, charcoal supplementation at 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% positively influenced the villus architecture of both the duodenum and cecum (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with up to 1.5% charcoal appears to confer physiological benefits in ducks by supporting renal function, enhancing immune and antioxidant responses, and improving intestinal morphology. © The authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

SUMMARY: In recent years, various substances such as antibiotics, mineral supplements, and immune boosters have been extensively used to enhance poultry productivity. While these agents are effective growth promoters, their overuse poses significant risks to human and animal health due to potential side effects. Consequently, the poultry industry is increasingly shifting towards safer alternatives, including herbal plant extracts, as feed additives that offer health benefits without adverse effects. One such promising herb is Taraxacum officinale, commonly known as dandelion. Native to Eurasia and now widespread globally, dandelion belongs to the Asteraceae family and has long been referred to as the ‘King of Weeds’ in literature. Historically, it has been used as a traditional remedy for bacterial infections and liver disorders. The plant’s rich biochemical profile includes amino acids, free sterols, polysaccharides, coumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpene phytoalexins, sesquiterpene lactones, and flavones. These compounds confer various pharmacological properties, making dandelion particularly useful in poultry nutrition. Dandelion exhibits hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, hypolipidemic, anti-atherogenic, hypoglycaemic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and gastrointestinal benefits. This review highlights some crucial properties, emphasising dandelion’s potential as a natural and effective feed additive in poultry production. © 2025 World’s Poultry Science Association.

In recent years, advancements in separation techniques have been made by the use of magnetic characteristics in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have benefits over traditional molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) in sample pretreatment because of their larger specific surface areas and highly accessible particular binding sites, which result in excellent specificity and selectivity toward analytes. MMIPs are easily separated from a variety of complicated matrices and have a high adsorption capability. They play an essential role in the efficient extraction of various analytes from a variety of matrices, including water, soil, food and its derivatives, plant extraction, fruits and vegetables, and various biological samples. Additionally, MMIPs have the major benefit of being a green chemistry approach, whether in synthesis or applications; as a result, they effectively reduce pollution in the environment and minimize the use of resources. A variety of MMIP applications from 2019 to 2023 were reviewed in this work. The various approaches and procedures utilized to create MMIPs are covered in this review. In addition, a brief description of several MMIP-based analytical techniques is provided in this manuscript, along with information on various aspects such as their adsorption capacity, equilibrium time, limit of detection, extraction recovery, and recyclability assessment. The types of porogen and functional monomer used have the greatest effect on the efficiency and reusability of the constructed MMIPs. On the contrary, the cross-linker type has no prominent effect on the efficiency and reusability of the constructed MMIPs. Future opportunities and current obstacles to better promote MMIPs features are also covered. This publication served as a comprehensive assessment of a number of analytes in various matrices recovered by MMIP, including pollutants, dyes, natural components, pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides. As a result, it can serve as a guide for creating new MMIP-based analytical techniques for a range of uses. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

By 2050, the need for poultry products is predicted to quadruple globally, mostly as a result of rising living standards. In the meantime, the quality of feed crops and forage, availability of water, poultry diseases, and poultry reproduction are all threatened by climate change, which poses a challenge to poultry production. This analysis assesses the effects of climate change on poultry production globally, the role that poultry production plays in climate change, and the particular tactics used by the poultry industry to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. Climate variability will limit poultry production because it will raise the amount of water that chickens consume by a factor of three, increase the demand for agricultural lands due to the significant rise in production, and raise concerns about food security. After all, approximately one-third of the world's cereal harvest is used to feed animals, including poultry. In the meantime, 8% of the livestock sector’s emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) come from the poultry industry, which accelerates climate change. As a result, the poultry industry will play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing global food security. Therefore, assessments of the application of adaptation and mitigation measures specific to the region and poultry production system in use, as well as policies that encourage and facilitate the implementation of these measures, are necessary for converting to sustainable poultry production. © The Author(s) 2024.

This experiment examined how adding mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) to the diet affected fertility, hatching rates, egg production, carcass characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and immune function in laying hens. One hundred and twenty Mandarah chickens (30 hens and 3 roosters per group) were randomly chosen between 34 and 50 wk old and divided into four groups. The first group was the control group, which was given just the basal diet. The basal diet was given to the second, third, and fourth experimental groups along with three different levels of MOS (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg diet, respectively). Results found that hens fed MOS at various levels laid eggs at a significantly higher rate, enhanced egg number, egg mass and feed conversion ratio than the control group (P < 0.05). MOS seemed to improve carcass quality. The best results for egg quality (Haugh unit) and testosterone levels were seen with a dose of 0.5 g/kg of MOS compared to the control birds (P < 0.05). All MOS levels led to higher estradiol-17β (E2) levels and better economic efficiency (EE). MOS also improved the hens' immune systems as compared to the control group. Hens-fed MOS had significantly greater levels of antibodies against Influenza viruses (H9N2) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (P < 0.05). Also, the spleen and thymus gland, both crucial immune system components, were slightly larger (P < 0.05). It's important to note that fertility rates, hatchability, and embryo mortality rates remained similar across all groups. So, our findings suggest that incorporating MOS into the birds' diet enhances their productivity, strengthens their immune system, improves EE, and contributes to the overall health of the hens. © 2024 The Author(s).

In this communication, the solubility of digitoxin drug in supercritical CO2 was studied at different operating conditions (311 < T (K) < 343, 120 < P (bar) < 300). The results revealed digitoxin drug solubility (in mole fraction) was between 0.095 × 10−5 to 1.12 × 10−5. In the case of thermodynamic solubility modeling, cubic and non-cubic equation of states i.e. SAFT (statistical associating fluid theory), SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong) and sPC-SAFT (simplified perturbed chain SAFT) EoSs and six density-based correlations (Chrastil, Kumar-Johnston (KJ), Mendez-Santiago-Teja (MST), Garlapati and Madras (GM), Bartle et al. and Sung-Shim models) were considered. All used equations indicated reasonable behavior with appropriate accuracy for the solubility of the digitoxin drug. Meanwhile, sPC-SAFT EoS and Kumar-Johnston correlation with AARD% set to 8.96 % and 6.25 %, respectively exhibited greater accuracy in fitting the solubility data. Moreover, total, solvation and vaporization enthalpies of the digitoxin/supercritical carbon dioxide binary mixture were calculated based on KJ, Chrastil and Bartle et al. models. © 2024

This study explored the ability of formic acid (FA) to replace antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. It examined how FA affected the chickens' growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and gut bacteria. The experiment randomly assigned 300 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks to 5 groups, each divided into 6 replicates with 10 unsexed chicks. The following were the treatments: 1st group, negative control (NC): only received a basal diet; 2nd group, positive control (PC): received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 grams of Colistin antibiotic per kilogram of diet; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups (FA2, FA4, and FA6) these groups received a basal diet along with formic acid added at increasing levels: 2, 4, and 6 Cm3 per kilogram of diet, respectively. Results found no significant differences in live body weight (LBW) or body weight gain (BWG) between treatment groups, except for LBW at one week and BWG at 0 to 1 and 4 to 5 wk of age. No significant variations were found in feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatment groups, excluding FI and FCR at 1 to 2 wk of age. The treatments significantly impacted carcass traits, dressing percentage, breast meat, thigh meat, spleen, giblets, blood levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, and albumin, as well as the activity of enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in chicks fed different diets compared to control groups. The addition of FA to the diet significantly impacted antioxidant levels. Also, the FA2 group had the highest total bacterial count (TBC). However, the FA6 group was the opposite; it had the lowest levels of harmful bacteria, such as E. coli and Coliform. Supplementing broiler diets with formic acid improves blood parameters, antioxidant activity, and gut bacteria counts, with 4.0 cm³ formic acid/kg diet supplementation promoting optimal broiler health and product quality. © 2024 The Authors

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a significant pollutant found in food and feed, posing a threat to public health. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LACP) against AFB1 in growing rabbits by investigating growth, serum metabolites, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response. A total of 60 growing male rabbits (721.5 ± 2.68g) were allocated to 4 experimental groups. The control group receiving only a basal diet, the AFB1 group (0.3 mg AFB1/kg diet), the LACP group (1 × 109 cfu/g /kg diet), and the combination group (1 × 109 cfu/g + 0.3 mg AFB1/kg diet; AFB1+ LACP) for 8 wk. The administration of AFB1 alone significantly decreased the final body weight, body gain, and feed intake, while significantly increasing the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). A significant decline in total proteins and globulins, along with elevated levels of hepatic enzymes (AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT) and renal function markers (creatinine and uric acid), were observed in the AFB1-contaminated group (P < 0.05). Immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased, alongside a significant elevation of triglycerides, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin in growing rabbits fed diets with AFB1 (P < 0.05). Supplementing the AFB1 diet with LACP restored the growth reduction, improved liver (AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT) and kidney (creatinine and uric acid) functions, and enhanced immune markers in rabbit serum (P < 0.05). Antioxidant indices (SOD, GSH, and CAT) were significantly decreased in the AFB1 group (P < 0.05). However, the addition of LACP to the AFB1-contaminated diets improved antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PC) in hepatic tissues of rabbits (P < 0.05). Serum interlukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels were significantly increased in the AFB1 group (P < 0.05), but the addition of LACP significantly reversed this elevation. AFB1 downregulated the expression of immune-inflammatory genes such Nrf2, IL-10, and BCL-2 genes, while up-regulating the caspase-3 (CASP3) gene (P < 0.05). Supplementing AFB1 diet with LACP significantly decreased the expression of immune-inflammatory genes (Nrf2, IL-10, and BCL-2) and reduced the expression of the apoptotic-related gene CASP3. This study highlights the potential of L. plantarum (1 × 109 cfu/g /kg diet) as a protective agent against AFB1 in growing rabbits by enhancing antioxidant and immune function and reducing apoptosis and inflammation pathways. © 2024 The Authors

Within this study, we investigate the interaction of the hydroxyurea molecule with a boron nitride nanocone (BNC), a boron nitride nanosheet (BNS), and a boron nitride nanotube (BNT) as nano-structures for the purpose of drug delivery by performing DFT computations. DFT computations on the models under study are performed by considering gas and water phases. Based on the adhesion energy values, we obtain a stabilized complex of hydroxyurea and BNC, BNS and BNT in the gas and water phases. The negative values of adhesion energy demonstrate that the reaction is exothermic. Based on the results of the QTAIM, the electron density values in the bond critical points are positive and low in all hydroxyurea-bonding complexes. Based on the calculational results, there are weak interaction forces for the significant and efficient release of hydroxyurea from the carriers at target sites. The impact of molecular adhesion upon the electronic attributes of BNC, BNS and BNT is examined by investigating the density of states, and based on the results, BNC is nearer to the Fermi energy compared to BNS and BNT. The adhesion energy values are higher in the gaseous phase compared to the water phase, which indicates that the interaction of the molecule with BNC, BNS and BNT is stronger in the gaseous phase. The interaction of hydroxyurea with BN stronger than its interaction with BNS and BNT based on the adhesion energy values. Following the adhesion of hydroxyurea, ΔEg was – 1.56 eV, −0.16 eV, and −0.12 eV for BNC, BNS, and BNT, respectively, which showed the higher sensitivity of BNC compared to BNS and BNT. Based on the computations, BNC, BNS, and BNT can be used as a promising carrier for hydroxyurea. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent form of malignancy in males and is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because of this, studying the molecular processes of PCa cell growth and death is crucial. Hence, it is imperative to conduct further research on the regulatory mechanism underlying the progression of PCa to enhance our comprehension and identify innovative therapeutic targets. The present study investigates an experimental approach that utilizes cost-effective and environmentally sustainable plant extracts sourced from Egypt, namely ginger, chamomile, and green tea, which have been solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), then characterized by using different analytical means and techniques, such as HPLC and GC–MS. The present study employed MTT assay, ELISA, and qRT-PCR techniques to assess the possible impact of the investigated extracts on PCa in PC-3 cells. The findings indicate that ginger exhibited a noteworthy cytotoxic impact on PC-3. Remarkably, the treatment of PCa cells with ginger significantly increased relative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production compared to those treated with chamomile and green tea extracts. Autophagy may play a crucial role in the context of chemotherapy. Modifying autophagy through its induction or inhibition is a promising and innovative approach to control cancer progression. Accordingly, it was found that ginger extract affects protein expression levels of autophagy markers LC3B, ATg12, and pro‐apoptotic signaling, including the Caspase-3 signaling pathway. The ELISA findings revealed a significant rise in the average levels of IL-1β and IL-8 after a 12-hour interval. To conclude, it can be inferred that ginger extract possesses the capability to control the production of inflammatory cytokines. Alternatively, utilizing herbal remedies containing ginger as a viable and secure means of treating PCa as an anticancer agent is possible. © 2024 The Author(s)

Background: The liver is crucial for maintaining normal metabolism in the body. Various substances, such as toxic chemicals, drugs, and alcohol, can damage hepatocyte cells, leading to metabolic imbalances. Aim: The experiment aimed to determine the efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria seed oil (LSS) as a hepatoprotective agent against acute hepatotoxicity triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Methods: A total of 20 rats were randomly separated into four groups. The control group: rats received 2 ml of distilled water orally, followed by 1.25 ml of olive oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) after 30 minutes. CCL4 group: rats were given a single intraperitoneal dose of 1.25 ml/kg b.w. of CCl4 in a 1:1 mixture with olive oil. Silymarin group: received 100 mg of silymarin per kg of b.w. diluted in 2 ml of distilled water orally, followed by CCl4 treatment after 30 minutes. LSS oil group: received LSS oil at 3g/kg b.w. orally, followed by CCl4 treatment after 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected to assess liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), proteins and bilirubin fractions, and redox status (catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed in hepatic tissues. Changes in liver histopathological examination were also evaluated. Results: In CCl4-treated rats, there was a significant increase in serum liver marker enzyme activity (ALP, AST, and ALT) along with a significant elevation (p < 0.05) in total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and direct bilirubin compared to the control rats. However, all these parameters decreased in the CCl4 + Silymarin and CCl4 +LSS groups compared to CCl4-treated rats. There was a significant decline in total protein level and serum albumin in all experimental groups compared to the control, while globulin levels significantly increased in all experimental groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the level of GSH and catalase, with an increase in MDA level in CCl4 rats compared to other rats. Histopathological investigation of the LSS-treated group showed a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4. Conclusion: The study revealed that LSS oil has antioxidant activity against CCl4-induced toxicity. Keywords. © 2024, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.

This experiment was designed to explore how different types of probiotics affect the growth, carcass traits, and seasonal variations in growing New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). Two parallel experiments using the same strain of NZW during winter and summer, each alone from 5 to 13 weeks of age. Each experiment uses a total of 125 unsexed rabbits. These rabbits are separated into 5 groups of 25 rabbits each. Each group has five replicates, with five rabbits in every replicate. In each experiment, 1st group acting as the control group did not receive any probiotics. The 2nd was given a dose of 1 ml of Bifidobacterium bifidum, the 3rd received a dose of 1 ml of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the 4th was treated with a 1 ml blend of both Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and 5th group was treated with 1 ml of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results indicated that the Bifidobacterium bifidum group had the best live body weight (LBW) values and daily weight gain (DWG). Meanwhile, during summer, the Lactobacillus acidophilus group had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance index (PI) values. Also, growing rabbits fed Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifiduim had significantly increased carcass traits during the summer and winter seasons. Furthermore, seasonal changes indicated that the Bifidobacterium bifiduim group improved LBW, DWG, and PI during summer than winter. So, it could be concluded that using Bifidobacterium bifidum can enhance rabbit growth by improving feed utilization and carcass traits, making it an effective addition to hot weather diets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, stimulates tumor growth and spread by delivering oxygen and nutrients, and is a key component of metastasis. This work aimed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic properties of a new synthesized compound. Rat aorta angiogenesis assay was used to evaluate the ability of the carbothioamide derivative to inhibit blood vessels sprouting. The tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of the synthetic compound on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVECs) and A549 lung cancer cells line. The (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH was used to investigate the free radical scavenging action. The study showed that the compound has anti-angiogenic activity with IC50 56.9 µg/mL, moreover the compound managed to inhibit the proliferation of HUVECs and A549 cells (IC50 76.3 µg/mL and 45.5 µg/mL, respectively), and The IC50 concentration for free radical scavenging activity of the compound was 27.8 µg/ml. The study concluded that the compound has significant anti-angiogenic activity may be related to its significant anti-proliferative effect against HUVECs, these pharmacological effect may attributed to its potent free radical scavenging activity. © (2024), (Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention). All rights reserved.

Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age. Colon cancer, also known as Caco-2, is caused by multiple epigenetic alterations and involves unregulated proliferation, differentiation, and invasion of neighboring tissues. Colon cancer patients have had surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. This study investigates a new experimental method using inexpensive and environmentally friendly Egyptian plant extracts. DMSO-dissolved ginger, garlic, cinnamon, and chamomile were employed in this investigation. HPLC and GC-MS were used to analyze plant extracts. These extracts were tested for colon cancer efficacy using various methods. These methods included Caco-2 cells, MTT test, Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. Garlic and ginger were found to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells. Compared to cinnamon and chamomile extracts, garlic and ginger have boosted LDH synthesis significantly. Garlic and ginger also altered autophagy genes (Bectin1, Atg5, PTEN) and Caspase-3 expression pathways on proapoptotic signaling. Garlic and ginger increased cleaved PTEN and caspase-3 and decreased Atg5 and Bectin1. Ginger and garlic caused extrinsic apoptosis and prevented Atg5 and Bectin1 phosphorylation. The average IL-8 and IL-6 levels increased significantly after 24 hours, according to ELISA. In conclusion, garlic and ginger extracts modify pro-inflammatory cytokines. Alternative herbal remedies like garlic and ginger may be effective and safe colon cancer treatments. © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License

This study explores the impact of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical, immunity, microbial load, carcass traits, and meat attributes of broilers. A total of 200 7-d-old Cobb chicks were distributed to 4 groups, each replicated 5 times, with 10 birds in each replicate. The experimental diets were as follows: First group was fed a basal diet only (control); 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups received a basal diet supplemented with 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g CNP/kg of feed, respectively. Results showed that the body weight (BW) and body weight gain significantly improved (P < 0.05) in the birds belonging to the 0.4 CNP group compared to the other groups. The best feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio [FCR]) was found in the group supplemented with a 0.4-g CNP/kg diet. The digestibility coefficients for dry matter and crude protein were significantly higher, and ether extract was significantly lower in the 0.4 g CNP/kg group than in other groups (P < 0.05). Broiler birds of the 0.4 CNP group had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced serum cholesterol, AST, and ALT levels. The humoral immunity (increased serum IgG and IgM levels) tended to improve in birds fed 0.3 and 0.4 g CNP/kg of feed. Compared to the control, total bacterial load and coliform count decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by supplementing 0.4 g CNP in the diet. The dressing weight, breast weight, and abdominal fat % were altered in birds receiving dietary 0.4 g CNP/kg. The treatment with CNP at 0.4 g/kg feed enhanced the broiler meat quality by increasing the values for water holding capacity, ABTS [2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) while reducing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value. Based on the results above, it could be concluded that CNP supplementation at 0.4 g/kg is recommended as a beneficial feed additive for broiler chickens. © The Author(s) 2024.

Corn, the primary ingredient in modern poultry feeds, contains high levels of ω-6 fatty acids but lacks sufficient ω-3 fatty acids, creating an imbalance. Maintaining a balance between ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids in poultry diets is crucial due to their competition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating different concentrations of an equal mix of soybean oil (SO) and flaxseed oil (FO) into quail diets on growth performance, carcass quality, and blood biochemistry. One-week-old Japanese quail birds (n = 200) were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, each comprising five replicates with 10 chicks per replicate. Four isonitrogenous/isocaloric basal diets were formulated. Group 1 (control) received a basal diet without SO or FO, while Groups 2-4 received basal diets supplemented with an equal mix of SO+FO at levels of 1.0 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 %, respectively. The inclusion of oil mixes significantly increased body weight (BW) at five weeks and daily weight gain (DWG) during weeks 3-5 and 1-5. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with the addition of oil mixes throughout the trial period. Supplementing quail diets with oil mixes resulted in reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol, elevated serum HDL cholesterol, and no significant effect on triglycerides (TG) and VLDL cholesterol levels. Quails fed oil-supplemented diets showed lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine levels, while urea and uric acid were significantly affected. Birds fed diets with oil mixes also had increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels did not significantly change across experimental groups. Overall, adding up to 2 % of the SO and FO mix in growing quail feeds improved growth performance, blood lipid profile, liver and kidney function markers, immune response, and antioxidant defense. The highest level of oil mix (2 %) yielded the most beneficial effects. © 2024

Objective: The lack of indicators to measure tumor’s invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on tumor progression as well as patient survival. Method: Seventy five breast cancer (BC) patients and 75 controls were included in this research. Two miRNA expressions were estimated using real-time PCR. Biomarkers for BC detection was tested using ROC curves and AUC. Result: miR-129 and miR-145 expressions were significant. miR-129 and miR-145 classifiers (AUC = 0.943 and 0.748, respectively) help diagnose BC. Unlike miR-145, miR-129 did not affect the Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis for progression-free survival at the end of the trial. The development of transitional cell carcinoma disease was found to have a strong correlation with miR-145 in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Additionally, infiltrating + invasive urothelial carcinoma was also found to be correlated with miR-145. Conversely, elevated miR-129 expression in BC patients did not lead to an increase in cancer-specific recurrence or mortality, as observed in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression studies. Conclusion: The miRNA signature can help detect survival-associated miRNAs and develop BC miRNA therapeutics. © (2024), (Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention). All rights reserved.

In this work, the Fe-doped Ni-MOFs was prepared by one-step solvothermal method. The ratio of Fe3+ dopant on the Fex/Ni1-x-MOFs was studied for characterization and catalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The result shows the Fe0.25Ni0.75-MOFs has best catalytic activity for degradation (95.0 %) at pH: 11 by 80 mg/L of catalyst dosage and 0.3 g/L PMS within 40 min. Moreover, Fe0.25Ni0.75-MOFs exhibits good reusability and stability in cycling experiments. The mechanism of catalysis process, and scavenging test showed that the •OH, and •SO4− in the degradation of enrofloxacin, and sulfate radical plays a major role. The antibacterial ability of prepared samples was studied versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Helicobacter pylorio. The inhibition zone shows the best antibacterial activity of Fe-Ni-MOFs. The Fe-Ni-MOFs as a carrier to loading and releasing methotrexate (MTX) in a pH-sensitive system. The delivery efficiency of Fe-Ni-MOFs/MTX was investigated in vitro using melanoma cancer cell line. The novel Fe-Ni-MOFs displays the great potential for the antibiotics removal, bactericidal and drug delivery systems. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may stimulate airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, which is also affected by neutrophils activity. The latter can be determined indirectly by evaluating myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The insufficient studies that investigated the combined association of serum TNF-α and MPO with asthma was objective of this study. Methods: A case-control study included 110-asthmatics besides 92-controls. All participants underwent venous sampling for TNF-α and MPO immunoassays. A percentage of predicted ''forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%)'', and the ''peak expiratory flow rate (PEF/L)'' of all participants were verified. The statistical analyses had done using SPSS V-25. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and significance of both biomarkers to distinguish asthma examined ''under the ROC-curves''. Results: High TNF-α levels observed among the controls(p-0.006), opposing the higher MPO levels among the patients(p-0.00). There were nonsignificant variations of two biomarkers between the treatment groups and nonsignificant correlations of MPO with FEV1 and PEF. There was a significant correlation of MPO with the TNF-α levels of all participants. The TNF-α showed lower sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to diagnose asthma. There were no MPO differences according to asthma levels. The TNF-α was higher among the severe asthmatics significantly. Conclusions: TNF-α may be a contributory particle for neutrophilic inflammation of severe asthma. MPO levels were significantly higher among asthmatics, whereas TNF-α levels were lower. TNF-α levels were higher among those with severe compared to mild/moderate asthma. The MPO level has a significant predictive capacity compared to TNF-α for distinguishing asthma from healthy subjects © 2022. Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.All Rights Reserved.

Depression is one of an important health problems in the last years, the predisposition to the depression still under investigations, the present study deal with the mtDNA variation loci in depression patients compare with control, PCR-sequencing was used to determine mutations, results show that there were among 173 nucleotides of the D-loop (16034-16207) there were 19 sites differentiated in non-significant differences, about 8 types of substitution mutations were observed included (A>C, A>G, T>C, G>A, C>T, C>A, C>G, G>A), insertion and deletion mutations also founded, non-significant differences were appeared in the types and number of mutations in this segment of mtDNA. The present output concluded that there wasn't association between D-loop variations and depression disease. © 2021 Hameed NM, et al.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Diabetic nephropathy is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease among young adults with DM Type (II), one of the more common microvascular complications, which influence the survival and quality of life of the patient. Research currently is underway to establish if there is a link between the effect of 1-Alpha (OH) D3 and Type II Diabetic Nephropathy patients and whether the Type II regulated diabetic nephropathy patient is related to 1-Alpha (OH) D3 and to oxidative stress conditions. In diabetic patients, no relationship has been established between the effect of alfacalcidol and antioxidant and/or prooxidant. The clinical applicability of our research will be to identify a correlation between diabetic nephropathy and oxidative stress. This will lead to the development of new guidelines to assess if this vitamin can be substituted or supplemented to treat this high mortality disease in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.

Background: Stroke is an acute focal brain dysfunction due to vascular disease. Stroke is the third most basic reason for death on the planet. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic pole discovered most regularly in the more profound bits of the mucous gel covering the gastric mucosa. Several studies were done on H. pylori infection that reported organization between H. pylori and endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome, peripheral vascular disease and coronary conduit illness. Patients and methods: This case control study was carried out in Al-Najaf city for a period of fourteen months from January 2015 to February 2016. This study included one hundred patients presented with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke, fifty male and fifty female and one hundred control patients (50 males and 50 females) who consulted the Middle Euphrates neurological screen center for diseases rather than stroke. The ages of all persons in this study ranged from 40 to 60 years. Results: The presence of H. pylori in patients with ischemic stroke was 56%, while it was 44% in controls; however, the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). There is significant association between H. pylori and recent atheroembolic ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. There is no statistically significant association between H. pylori infection and severity of recent ischemic stroke. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between H. pylori infection and ischemic stroke after stratification of other cofounder risk factors. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.