Scopus Research — Mohammed Ali Saihood

The present work objectives to produce of PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 multifunctional films as a new nanostructures to employ in promising photonics and nanoelectronics approaches. The PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 films included extraordinary absorption for ultraviolet radiation, good flexibly, low energy gap, and cheap comparing with other nanostructures films. The microstructure and optical features of PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 films were examined. The outcomes indicated that the values of absorbance for PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 films are higher at spectra of NIR and UV. These outcomes lead to the films of PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 are welcomed to use in NIR sensing, optoelectronics and shielding of UV applications. The increment ratio of PVA-MC absorbance is 90.2 % for λ = 240 nm (UV-A) and CeO2-SiO2 concentration is 6.7 wt%. The PVA-MC energy gap is 4.2 eV and its diminished to 0.2 eV while growing CeO2-SiO2 concentration to 6.7 wt%. These performances lead to make the PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 films are established in many photonics and optoelectronics applications. The optical factors of PVA-MC were enhanced with increasing CeO2-SiO2 concentration; these results of lead to made the PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 films are appropriate for photonics and optics fields. Finally, the realized outcomes established that the PVA-MC/CeO2-SiO2 films might be as a key for optical and promising nanoelectronics fields. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

This study uses time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) with the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method to investigate the electronic and structural characteristics of polyaniline (PANI) and its hybrid composites, PANI/SiS2-LiF and PANI/SnS-SiBr4, for solar energy applications. The optimized geometry reveals enhanced interfacial interactions between PANI and inorganic dopants, characterized by covalent N–S bonds (1.65–1.72 Å) in PANI/SiS2-LiF and polar S–Br bonds (2.15–2.20 Å) in PANI/SnS-SiBr4. Electronic analyses revealed a significantly lower HOMO–LUMO energy gap (Eg) of the composites (1.484 eV and 1.388 eV, respectively) compared to pure PANI (2.851 eV), attributed to electron-withdrawing and interfacial charge-transfer effects. The composites exhibit lower ionization potentials (7.831 eV and 7.436 eV) and higher electron affinities (6.347 eV and 6.048 eV) compared to PANI, enhancing redox activity and charge separation efficiency. Chemical descriptors, including lower hardness (η = 0.742–0.694) and higher electrophilicity (ω = 33.863–32.760), highlight improved electron-accepting capacity and exciton dissociation, which are critical for photovoltaic performance. The alignment of the HOMO/LUMO levels with neighboring layers facilitates efficient charge injection, while the narrowed Eg band extends light absorption into the visible and near-infrared spectra. These modifications result in improved short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF), making PANI composites promising candidates for organic or hybrid solar cells. The results confirm the synergistic role of organic–inorganic hybridization in tailoring optoelectronic characteristics, paving the way for stable and highly efficient photovoltaic devices for wearable electronics and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications. © The Author(s) 2025.

Strengthening process of Al-Mg-Ag alloys after thermo-mechanical processing is important for enhancing the mechanical properties of alloys that used in automotive and aerospace and applications. Understanding how silver affect mechanism of strengthening allows for the development of stronger and lighter materials, enhancing the durability and performance in demanding environments. This study investigates the influence of silver content (0.75%, 1%, and 1.5%) and thermo-mechanical processing parameters on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-Mg-Ag alloys. Through systematic experimentation, the effects of cold rolling and aging treatments at various temperatures (150°C, 180°C, and 210°C) and durations (6h, 12h, and 24h), were examined. The results demonstrated that the optimal mechanical properties were achieved with 1.5% Ag content aged at 150°C for 24 hours, yielding an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 310 MPa while maintaining reasonable ductility. The fractographic analysis showed different failure mechanisms across different processing conditions: the rolled specimens showed characteristics of the predominantly brittle fracture, while aged specimens and solution-treated showed the main features of the ductile. The advancement in mechanical properties is attributed to the effective Orowan strengthening through the finely dispersed precipitates formation, whose morphology and distribution are significantly affected by both processing parameters and silver content. These results provided valuable insights into the optimization methodologies of Al-Mg-Ag alloys for structural applications that require high strength-to-weight ratios. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Cefin Publishing House.

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are crucial in the mechanical and aerospace industries for improving material quality by combining distinct qualities to create composite substances with desired properties. Using the layer-by-layer hand-laying technology in the casting process, samples with dimensions calculated according to international standards (ASTM) were created in a glass mold. Several fine fillers, such as alumina (Al2O3) and silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles, were added to the epoxy resin. Tensile, bending, and impact tests were performed on samples from the five layers of FGM. The experimental test results showed that the fracture toughness of functionally graded samples slightly improved, with the highest value reaching 13.63865 MNm3/2 in the Al2O3-reinforced epoxy sample. The ultimate tensile stress of the functionally graded epoxy sample reinforced by Al2O3 is 15.572 MPa, and the ultimate value of tensile stress of the functionally graded epoxy sample fortified with SiC is 19.4198 MPa. In comparison, the ultimate value of tensile stress of the pure epoxy sample is 21.247 MPa. The results show that pure epoxy samples have high stress levels. The increase in SiC percentage in the functionally graded sample enhanced the mechanical properties in the bending tests, giving the best results. The pure epoxy sample has the ultimate bending stress of 1.974 MPa, while the ultimate bending stress in the functionally graded material sample of Al2O3-reinforced epoxy is 1.9558 MPa. The ultimate bending stress of the functionally graded sample of SiC-reinforced epoxy is 2.924 MPa, and the ultimate bending stress value in the SiC-reinforced epoxy sample was 2.924 MPa. The functionally graded sample of epoxy and SiC yielded the best result in terms of durability. The maximum load applied on the sample of epoxy and SiC was 150 N; this indicates that the functionally graded material has significantly reduced the material's deformation and increased the mechanical properties of the material in terms of strength, durability, and resistance. It was found that the maximum load applied on the pure epoxy sample was 91 N, while the maximum load applied on the functionally graded sample of epoxy and Al2O3 was 126 N. © 2025, Universiti Malaysia Perlis. All rights reserved.

In this study, experiments are used to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) in minimizing vibrations in beam structures. The dynamic vibration absorbers are modest additions to a structure that employ a mass-spring system tuned to the natural frequency of the structure to lower vibration levels. These absorbers were added to a beam construction as part of the experimental investigation, and the vibration levels under various conditions were measured. Under pinned-free boundary, the dynamic behavior of a beam is experimentally investigated with various combinations of the design parameters (mass and spring) and locations of the dynamic vibration absorbers. The beam is subjected to external vibrations, and both with and without the absorbers, its amplitude is measured. According to the results, adding DVAs to the beam structure significantly reduced vibration levels, particularly closer to the natural frequency of the beam. The dynamic response is greatly reduced by mass and stiffness (from, for example, 0.018m to 0.00052m). However, depending on the DVA location, this effect can change. The minimal requirements of the DVA parameters can better reduce the dynamic response if the DVA is positioned at the point of maximum displacement for each corresponding mode. © 2025 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.

Many engineering applications are made of boron carbide as a material that includes a unique combination of properties. One of the main properties of boron carbide is that it has thermal stability and a high melting point which makes it the perfect choice for refractory application. It also has a high abrasion resistance which makes it a good abrasive powder. The low density and high hardness properties are relevant for boron carbide to be excelled in ballistic performance It is frequently utilized in nuclear-based applications like that of a neutron absorber. Additionally, a high-temperature semiconductor namely, boron carbide could be utilized for wide electronic applications. Boron carbide (B4C)-filled epoxy glue mechanical characteristics were investigated. Two distinct B4C particle sizes and quantities were evaluated. The capacity of B4C to absorb neutrons is a significant attribute in the nuclear industry and represents one of the material's advantages. To evaluate the degree of interaction between matrix and B4C, the bending strength was also investigated. The structural instability phenomenon of boron carbide under externally induced high stresses and the characteristics of the resultant disordered phase are also explored. The volume fraction of filler components in the composite was adjusted, and good wear resistance and other mechanical characteristics were produced from nano-filled glass-epoxy. All the weight % composite samples are assessed for their tensile strength. The tensile strength of base metal has been enhanced with the addition of fiberglass and nano boron carbide/epoxy. © 2025 Editura Politechnica. All rights reserved.