Scopus Research — Nada Khazal Kadhim Hindi

The process of producing zinc oxide nanoparticles using Lactobacillus casei and their subsequent analysis of properties. Structure and morphological measurements include research that includes measurements with X-ray diffraction, as well as the use of electron microscopy (SEM) and optical measurements. Optics measurements include UV-Vis diffusion reflection measurements and Fourier transformation infrared measurements (FTIRs). In this study, PHA was extracted from L. casei, and its characteristics were determined using UV spectrophotometers. The techniques used in this study are FTIR, GC-MS, DSC, and TGA. The blue Nile was used to detect PHA. In addition, the study examined the cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and nanobiocomposites ZnO/PHA in normal cell lines. The study found that WRL cells were exposed to ZnO extract and control substances for 24 hours at a dose of 50 to 400 ml. The biosynthesis of zinc oxide yields the lowest cell performance (72.84%), with a concentration of 400g/ml. In contrast, the Ambiguous’s control group had a cell viability of 86.17 percent at the same concentration. However, the results show that WRL cells are used in the same amount of ZnO/PHA nano biocomposite extract (Z2) and ambiguous substances used as control when incubated. The ZnO/PHA nanobiocomposite extracts have the lowest cell survival rates at 400 g/ml and have a recorded 76.20% percentage. Compared to the Ambiguous, the cell survival rate was 91.86 percent. At the same concentration, ZnO and ZnO/PHA show mild cell toxic effects in normal cells. The study studied the cytotoxic effect of ZnONPs) and nanobiocomposites (ZnO/PHA) in cancer cell lines. The results showed that MCF-7 cells were exposed to ZnO extracts at a dose of 50 to 400 mg/ml for 24 hours, with an uncertain control. Zinc oxide extraction showed the lowest MCF-7 cell viability at 400 g/ml with a percentage of 43.56 percent. In comparison, the cell viability of water-represented control groups was 79.89% at the same concentration. However, this showed that MCF-7 cells incubated at the same dose with ZnO/PHA nanocomposite extract (Z2) did not have conclusive results compared to the control. ZnO/PHA extracts have the lowest MCF-7 cell survival rate with a concentration of 400 g/ml and a percentage of 43.90%. In contrast, the same concentration of control groups treated with water had a cell survival rate of 85.24 percent. The study showed significant cytotoxicity of ZnO and ZnO/PHA on cancer cells, as opposed to normal cells. © (2025), (University of Kashan). All rights reserved.

Background/Objectives: Allicin, a bioactive compound from garlic, exhibits antibacterial activity by targeting bacterial proteins, including type II topoisomerases such as DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes exclusive to prokaryotes. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of allicin and its inhibitory mechanism on topoisomerase IV using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Methods: In the in vitro experiments, the antibacterial activities of allicin, garlic extract, and ciprofloxacin were evaluated using agar diffusion, as well as determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In silico analyses included consensus sequence-based structural modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV subunit A in the presence of allicin and ciprofloxacin. Results: In vitro results demonstrated that the allicin exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity (P ≤ 0.05), followed by garlic extract, while ciprofloxacin demonstrated relatively lower activity. Docking analysis revealed stronger interactions and higher binding affinity between allicin and topoisomerase IV compared to the other ligands. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the enhanced stability of the allicin-topoisomerase IV complex. Additionally, genomic analysis was used to predict the conserved region of the protein and generate a refined structural model, which showed improved binding characteristics. Conclusion: These findings suggest that allicin is a promising inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and may serve as the basis for developing new antimicrobial agents. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

Syzygium aromaticum is an antibacterial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. A broad range of anti-disease activities estimate its potential therapeutic uses in treating numerous infectious disorders. The study aims to understand better how Syzygium aromaticum extract inhibits human pathogenic bacteria and demonstrate how the extract works to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and adhesion. The antibacterial action of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum was evaluated by using disc diffusion and the assay Agar-well diffusion. Its efficacy was compared with the antibiotic and determined. Additionally, tests on adherence and biofilm formation were conducted. All bacteria isolated from gram-negative (G -ve) and gram-positive (G +ve) bacteria were sensitive to Syzygium aromaticum extract and the range of inhibition zone (20 to 28) mm. Most isolated bacteria were sensitive to floxacin. Most bacterial isolates of Gram-negative bacteria exhibited Moderate adherence and biofilm activity to these extracts. Some bacteria isolates exhibited high adherence and biofilm activity to aquatic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum. The studys' findings were that the extracts from Syzygium aromaticum were highly effective against a variety of G-positive and G-negative isolated clinically, suggesting that they are superior to antibiotics sold in stores. Apart from strong resistance to adhesion and biofilm development. © The Author(s).

Background: Q fever is a serious and contagious disease that has the potential to cause an epidemic. Therefore, this research paper was prepared to inform health workers about the disease in order to prevent the spread of the disease, as happened with the coronavirus. We found that most health workers had little information about Q fever. Coxiella burnetii is the microscopic organism that causes Q fever. The study aimed to assess healthcare provider knowledge regarding the prevention of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q Fever) in Hilla City Hospitals and its associated sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was conducted in Hilla City Hospitals from November 2023 to March 2024. The study sample, consisting of 95 nurses was chosen according to nonprobability sampling methods. The questionnaire, consisting of 20 items, was validated by experts and tested for reliability through a pilot study. Data collection involved self-reporting, and both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied for data analysis. Results: The study findings indicate an average age of 26.38 years, with a majority being female (55.8%). About 65.3% were unmarried, 47.4% had Bachelor's degrees, 32.6% had diplomas, and 20.0% had postgraduate degrees. Nurses had experience ranging from 1 to 13 years (average 3.86 years). The study revealed that 73.7% exhibited low knowledge of Q fever, with an average score of 6.57. Gender (P = 0.000) and education level (P = 0.00) significantly predicted knowledge, with females and higher education correlating with greater understanding. Conclusion: It highlights a serious issue of healthcare provider irresponsiveness, in regard to this infection, during the provision of medical care. Male nurses and those who are more educated are more knowledgeable about the subject. The fact that knowledge is greater among those who are educated and male nurses again highlights the need for special education and training of people who fall between these gender and educational categories. © 2025 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.

Crimean-Congo-hemorrhagic-fever (CCHF) remains to lead and real hazard to the delicate health-care-systems with a constant rise of diseases and death. The CCHF is caused by viruses such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The present study aimed to assess Nurses’ Knowledge Related to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. A descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out in Al-Hillah Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq. A purposive (non-probability) sample was selected (70) nurses included (38 and 32) males and females respectively from nurses at the Al-Hillah teaching hospital. The study showed that the average age is 26.47 (±4.77) years, and the age group 20-24 years was the highest recorded (72.9%). About gender, more than half of the study participants were male nurses (54.3%). Concerning the education level, most of the participants were diploma graduates (54.3%). In regard to years of experience, those with less than 5 years were predominated (71%). Residents related findings; the majority of participants were urban (81.4%). The results of the present study also demonstrated that the majority of (95.7%) nurses expressed a fair knowledge regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. The findings of the present study reflected insufficient levels of knowledge among nurses relating to CCHF. Study results showed that it is vital to continuously assess all health care providers’ knowledge and also there is a need to improve the awareness by educated seminars, workshops about present endemic diseases to forthcoming health care providers. © 2025, Arab Society for Fungal Conservation. All rights reserved.

Growing bacterial pathogens with antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies, raising the exploration and exploitation of the potential of plant natural products as alternative drugs. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of flavonoids from Origanum majorana L. through a combined in vitro and in silico approach, focusing on their inhibitory effects against β-lactamase and penicillin-binding protein. The in vitro antibacterial activities of O. majorana extracts, Apigenin (a flavonoid), and imipenem were evaluated against bacterial isolates through inhibition zone assays, and the analyses of minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. In silico molecular docking was performed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism and assess binding affinities and interactions between flavonoids and target proteins. The docking results revealed that flavonoids exhibited stronger binding affinities with both target proteins (-9.5 kcal/mol and-5.8 kcal/mol) compared to imipenem, particularly against β-lactamases. The flavonoids enhanced the binding and stability of protein-ligand complexes through key molecular interactions, increasing the inhibitory effects on proteins. Our findings highlighted the potential of O. majorana flavonoids as promising resistance-modifying agents against β-lactam-resistant bacterial infections. Notably, a genomic analysis-based conserved region prediction approach was employed to construct a high-quality, structurally optimized model of the target proteins, enabling superior binding interactions with flavonoids. This structural refinement strategy enhances the predictive accuracy of computational drug design and may facilitate the development of novel antibacterial agents with improved specificity. Continued exploration of conserved region-based protein modeling can significantly enhance the rational design of next-generation inhibitors with improved binding affinity and therapeutic efficacy. © 2025 Al-Oudah et al.

Aims Moving complicated and critically ill patients has been considered risky in ICU culture for a long time. This research aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding early patient mobility in critical care facilities and to determine the relationship between their demographics and knowledge level. Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional research was performed on 93 nurses from the intensive care units at Al-Hillah Teaching Hospitals (Al-Imam Al-Sadiq and Al-Hillah Teaching Hospitals) during the period from December 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two sections. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Findings Only under 50% of nurses (48.4%) had inadequate knowledge about patients’ early mobilization in intensive care units at Al-Hillah teaching hospitals. There was no significant relationship between nurses’ overall knowledge regarding the early mobilization of patients in ICUs at Al-Hillah Teaching Hospitals and their demographic and employment data. Conclusion Only half of the nurses at Al-Hillah teaching hospitals have sufficient knowledge about early patient mobility in critical care settings, and there is no significant relationship between their knowledge about mobility in intensive care units and their demographic and employment data. Copyright© 2025, the Authors.

Background: According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, urinary tract infections (UTIs) require healthcare. Likewise, UTIs are the most common infections that result in prescriptions for antibiotics following a doctor's visit. Because UTI symptoms are generally mild and overuse of antibiotics may contribute to antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to establish appropriate criteria for antibiotic therapy. Finding alternatives to antibiotics, such as extracts or nanomaterials. Objective: The current study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory action of three plant extracts (Maidenhair, Cranberry, and Vitis vinifera) against gram-negative bacteria isolated from UTI. Materials and Methods: Aquatic extracts were prepared from three different plant species (Maidenhair, Cranberry, and V. vinifera). The antimicrobial activity of the aquatic extracts from Maidenhair, Cranberry, and V. vinifera was tested in vitro using agar well diffusion assays, biofilm formation assays, and adherence tests. Results: The findings demonstrated that herbal plants had a potent inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris, Proteus merabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas flourscences, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerugenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia spp.) isolated from UTI. Additionally, we discovered that, against gram-negative bacteria, plant extracts outperformed the broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin in terms of bacterial eradication. The virulence factors, including biofilm and anti-adhesion that are present in pathogenic bacteria, can be inhibited by Maidenhair and Cranberry plant extracts, with levels of inhibition ranging from high against six pathogenic species to moderate against two pathogenic isolates. However, V. vinifera extract was less successful in thwarting virulence factors for the isolates examined. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the aquatic extract for Maidenhair, Cranberry, and V. vinifera to inhibit growth, virulence factors of gram negative isolates and reduce UTIs. © 2025 Medical Journal of Babylon.

Melissa officinalis L., commonly known as lemon balm, is recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against various pathogenic bacteria, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for treating infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of M. officinalis extract on human pathogenic bacteria and to assess its ability to prevent bacterial biofilm formation and adhesion. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of M. officinalis was evaluated using disc-diffusion and agar-well diffusion methods. The antimicrobial efficacy of the extract was compared with that of standard antibiotics. Additionally, tests for adherence and biofilm formation were conducted. The M. officinalis extract demonstrated inhibitory zones ranging from 25 to 35 mm against all tested microorganisms. While some bacterial isolates were susceptible to imipenem, the majority exhibited resistance. Notably, certain isolated bacteria displayed strong adhesion and biofilm formation in response to the extract, whereas most Gram-negative bacteria showed moderate adherence and biofilm activity. The findings indicate that M. officinalis extracts are highly effective against a range of clinical isolates, including those associated with urinary tract infections. This suggests that these extracts may offer a more effective alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in combating bacterial adhesion and biofilm development. © 2012 Iranian Society of Medicinal Plants. All rights reserved.

Plants serve as rich reservoirs of essential secondary metabolites and are a vital source of pharmacological compounds, including active ingredients found in various plant parts. The antibacterial properties of plant extracts cannot be attributed to a single mechanism; rather, they depend on the diverse chemical components present in each extract. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of Psyllium seed extract (Plantago ovata) on human pathogenic bacteria and to elucidate the mechanisms by which this extract inhibits bacterial biofilm formation and adhesion. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was assessed using agar-well diffusion and agar-disc diffusion assays. The results were compared with standard antibiotics. Additionally, tests for biofilm formation and adherence were conducted. All isolated Gram-negative (G−ve) and Gram-positive (G+ve) bacteria were sensitive to the Psyllium seed extract, with inhibition zones ranging from 20 to 25 mm. Most bacterial isolates demonstrated resistance to conventional antibiotics, with some showing sensitivity to ofloxacin. The majority of isolated Gram-negative bacteria exhibited moderate adherence and biofilm formation when exposed to the extracts, while certain strains showed strong adherence and biofilm activity. The findings indicate that Psyllium seed extracts possess significant antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, these extracts effectively inhibit bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. © 2025, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR. All rights reserved.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium TB bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Objectives: To determine the risks factors of tuberculosis and its clinical outcome in Hilla city and to determine the association between risks factors of tuberculosis and its clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study is conducted in Hilla City from periods September 1st 2021 to June 1st 2022. The sources of data are the TB patients’ medical records. A non-probability “purposive sample” of (N = 127) patients diagnosed with tuberculosis . The data were obtained retrospectively by reference to these cards. The medical records are in the form of cards and the information contained in them include demographic data of the patients (age, gender, smoking status, history of chronic diseases, and residency). Results: The results of study indicate that age group (21‐30) are have highest percentage between all age groups and men are more affected than women. Conclusion: The study concluded that the people who are male young adults and elderly, smoker and with chronic diseases are high risk factors for TB. © 2024 Medical Journal of Babylon.

Cydonia oblonga is effective against many infections and has medicinal properties that are useful in the treatment of many other diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the antimicrobial activity (in the form of anti-adherence and anti-biofilm formation) of the aqueous Cydonia oblonga extract. The biological activity of the extract was compared to that of imipenem. All bacterial isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria assessed were found to be susceptible to the Cydonia oblonga extract and the zone of inhibition ranged from 24 to 34 mm. Most bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotic, and some bacterial isolates were sensitive to imipenem. The adherence and biofilm formation inhibitory activities in the presence of the aqueous extract of Cydonia oblonga were found to be moderate or elevated in most of the Gram-negative bacteria assessed. According to our findings, the aqueous Cydonia oblonga extract displays great effectiveness (and promise) against many pathogenic bacterial isolates. © 2024 by the authors.

Background: Tea and coffee have been consumed since decade ago and became a significant part of social life and cultural traditions. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the effects of coffee and black tea extract on some blood factors in adult albino rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult male albino rats, classified into three groups of six: group 1 (control) received orally drinking water only, group 2 (tea) received orally extract tea, group 3 (coffee) treated orally with coffee. Coffee and tea extracts were prepared daily at a dose of 30 g/L and provided at all times to the rats for 30 day as drinking water. Iron and ferritin levels, cholesterol concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared among these groups. Results: This study inferred, there was a significant decrease the amount of iron in the blood as well as the ferritin. Also consumption of coffee or tea lowers LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and enhanced antioxidant activity by SOD and GPx enzymes more than control group. Furthermore, increased these levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in treated rats with tea and coffee extract more than their levels in the control group. Conclusion: The extracts of tea and coffee lowered the iron and ferritin concentration, have remarkable antioxidant activity, and increased the levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the rat blood. © 2024 Medical Journal of Babylon.

The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation’s findings the Editor-in- Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article. The authors Muhammad Usman Faryad Khan and Abduladheem Turki Jalil disagree with this retraction. The authors Baida Rihan Ali, Husham Qassim Mohammed, Hayder Mohammed Thyab Al-Shammari, Nada Khazal Kadhim Hindi, Wanich Suksatan, Balsam Qubais Saeed, Rasha Fadhel Obaid, Marwan Mahmood Saleh and Mustafa M. Kadhim have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. The online version of this article contains the full text of the retracted article as Supplementary Information. © 2021 King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.

Theobroma Cacao has a wide range against a range of diseases and an antimicrobial activity toward various pathogenic microorganisms which estimated of medicinal properties for the treatment of many infectious diseases. The aim of the research is to clarify the inhibitory action of Theobroma Cacao extract against human pathogenic bacteria also show the mechanism action of extract against biofilm formation and adherence of bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was tested based on agar-well diffusion assay and agar-disc diffusion, and this activity was compared with the antibiotic and measured which is more efficient. Furthermore, biofilm formation and adherence tests were done. Theobroma cacao (30%) was appeared in this research as high efficient against the wide spectrum of clinic isolates gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (K.pneumonia, P.merabilis, P.vulgaris, S.typhimurum, S.typhi,, Staph. aureus, Staph.epidermidis, Staph.saprophytics and Strep.Pyogenes) which indicates that it is more effective than commercially available antibiotic in addition to a high inhibition against adherents and biofilm formation. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

The current study was designed to establish the antibacterial efficacy of various extracts from medicinal plants. The inhibition effects of six plants including Viscus album, Apium graveolens, Melissa officinalis, Plantago ovata, Senna acutifolia, and Vitis vinifera were examined against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which obtained from dental caries patient. The output showed that the tested bacterial isolates were greatly sensitive to M. officinalis and S. acutifolia and their maximum inhibition zones were 35 mm and 33 mm respectively. The tested bacterial isolates were greatly sensitive to M. officinalis and S. acutifolia in comparison with the antibiotic. According to the well-diffusion test results, the crude aqueous extracts from the plants showed varying degrees of inhibition of bacterial growth. Moreover, these medicinal plant extracts were a promising group of natural product sources that can be examined to continue developing products through the use of oral medicines and health care. © 2022, The Author(s).

Currently, researcher are focusing on colored berries crops because its high antioxidant capacity of fruits. Black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) represents an important source of flavonols and anthocyanins. So the berries of crowberry are use in the cure of diseases, or as an effective antimicrobial remedy. Moreover, reduce of lipid accumulation and improvement of postprandial hyperglycaemia are proved. An evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the aqueose extracts of crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) fruits against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutanus, Streptococcus fecalis, Streptococcus agalagtia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluroscences, Proteus merabilis, Proteus vuligaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli and Serratia spp. Aqueous extracts of crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) fruits was used to determine the antimicrobial effectivity of crowberry by Agar well diffusion method, biofilm inhibition test using tissue culture plate method, adherence and swarming inhibition assays were done for estimation and evaluation of the antibacterial activity. Results showed that aqueous extracts of crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) fruits has potential antibacterial activity. The result was measuring by the inhibition zone diameters, the bacterial motility inhibition assessment by swarming assay with all gradual different concentrations of aqueous extracts of crowberry fruits (Pearson correlation = 0.9; P value ≤ 0.05, the bacterial cell adherence inhibition to oral epithelial cells, quorum sensing and formation of biofilm. Aqueous extracts of crowberry exhibit marked antimicrobial activity bacteria activity. It can inhibit motility, reduce the formation of biofilm and inhibitbacterial cell adherence to oral epithelial cells. Based on the results, it can be concluded that they able to reduce bacterial adherence and colonization oral cavity, intestinal tract and respiratory tract and provide production against different human pathogens and this may have clinical relevance. © 2018, Connect Journal.