Scopus Research — Ahmed Khudhair Obayes Al-Hamairy

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central components of the innate immune system as they recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and cellular damage and initiate immune responses using MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways. In contrast to being very useful for immune defense, dysregulated TLR signaling may be involved in diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. In cancer, TLRs create an environment that supports tumorigenesis and growth. In addition to this, a class of multifunctional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, regulate gene expression without encoding proteins. MiRNAs regulate gene expression in a fine-tuned manner, while lncRNAs and circRNAs do so via diverse mechanisms. Notably, these ncRNAs interact, where lncRNAs and circRNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs and ceRNA, affecting miRNA activity. This interaction has a vital role in cancer pathology, in influencing that of various oncogenes and tumor suppressors in the tumor microenvironment; hence, modulation of ncRNAs could also be a great promising therapeutic approach. In this context, interplay between TLRs and ncRNAs is of paramount importance as they influence various parameters of the tumor microenvironment. TLR signaling works upon the expression of ncRNAs, while ncRNAs work back to regulate TLR signaling in return. An example of this includes miRNA targeting of components of the TLR; lncRNAs induced by TLR signaling possibly would favor tumor progression. Pharmacological interventions directed toward inhibiting these TLR pathways could be the model to halt malignancy by hampering pro-tumor inflammation and boosting immune responses against neoplasms. Hence, the review will highlight the complicated contrast of ncRNAs and TLRs within human cancer. By connecting the mechanisms, the researchers may study more about tumorigenesis and gather up new, innovative notions regarding therapeutic targeting. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

Obesity has existed for a very long time. Obesity leads to improper physiological metabolism, which in turn produces a host of physiological and social issues in addition to aesthetic concerns. Individuals are working to discover anti-obesity medications and other safe and efficient treatment options. Because pancreatic lipase (PL) is essential to human fat metabolism, PL inhibitors are now used to treat obesity in clinical settings. This research involved partially purifying lipase from the ovine pancreas. One lipase isoenzyme was identified using the CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography technology. It had a specific activity of 2.467 U/mg protein and a recovery of 272 in comparison to the crude extract. The molecular weight was determined to be 33.8 kilodaltons, and the electrophoresis method produced only one band. Using p-nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate, the capacity of willow bark extracts to inhibit partly purified pancreatic lipase activity was investigated. The inhibitory percentages via treating the enzyme with EthOH 70% and H2O were found to be 27.14 and 61.43, respectively. Furthermore, the Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed the inhibition modes noncompetitive with both extracts. © 2025, Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology. All rights reserved.

This research explores the potential and feasibility of using photovoltaic/thermal-solar thermal (PVT-ST) systems in hot and moderate weather conditions for the first time. This study examined the performance of a new solar system called PVT module and ST collector in series (PVT-ST). This system can generate both thermal energy at high temperatures and electric power at the same time. The results show that the thermal power increases significantly as the mass flow rate increases. In July, with a mass flow rate of 0.0304 kg/s, the thermal efficiency of ST, PVT-ST, and PVT systems were found to be 86.3%, 79.1%, and 74.2%, respectively. © The Author(s) 2025.

Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. One of the key pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease is oxidative stress, which is characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body’s ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential role of antioxidant supplementation in mitigating oxidative stress markers in Alzheimer’s disease. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on antioxidant supplementation in Alzheimer’s disease and its effects on oxidative stress markers. The paper will examine the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease, the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation, and the challenges and limitations of using antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

Artery stenosis occurs when blood vessels do not supply enough blood and oxygen due to blockage by a fatty mass called plaque. In this work, the influence of stenosis on the Nusselt number (Nu) for non-Newtonian blood flow is studied by the FVM method and using fluent software. Also, the artery is simulated based on the Lumen model. In this research, at first, it is assumed that stenosis severity increases as much as 20 %, 30 %, and 40 % of the internal cross-section area of the artery respectively while the radius is constant, then the stenosis severity is fixed at 40 %, and only radius of artery increases from 0.002 m to 0.0025, 0.0030, and 0.0035 m. The artery wall is affected by constant heat flux and Nusselt numbers in every stage as a significant parameter in each flow are calculated. It should be mentioned that the Nusselt numbers are achieved both in the direction of flow and perpendicular to one. The results show that an increase of stenosis severity from 20 % to 40 % and a decrease of the artery radius between 0.002 and 0.0035 m leads to Nusselt number enhancement due to acceleration of blood flow and increase of heat transfer while the maximum values of Nusselt number remain no change approximately. Therefore, influences of stenosis size on the thermal behavior of blood in the artery are not noticeable, and thermal risks are ignorable. © 2024 The Author(s)

Hydatid cystic disease a major disease common to humans and animals, which is widespread in the countries of the Middle East. This disease poses an economic dilemma in Iraq as it affects the productivity of sheep, cows, goats, and camels because their affected organs become unfit for human consumption and causing weight loss and poor health status of the affected animals. Different types of medication have been used to reduce or prevent the occurrence of this disease at all its developmental stages, whether, by final or intermediate hosts, including albendazole, ivermectin, and another drug, surgical removal is one of the best methods of treating this disease, Therefore, the interest in finding alternative means such as using plants to provide an effective medicinal material. © 2022 Author(s).